Shrimp production, using a small-scale enclosed pond system, is a rapidly growing aquaculture sector, which is valued around USD 18.30 billion in 2020. Intensified shrimp culture leads to the outbreak of transmissible diseases to eventually cause a huge loss in the production process and thus the economy. Studies on microRNA (miRNA) reveal that miRNA has an influential role in the host-pathogen interaction during an infection. Recently, shrimp miRNA has been shown to help pathogen-like viruses for their replication and infection. Several shrimp miRNAs were reported to be involved in enhancing host immunity against viral infection, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and Vibrio infection caused by bacterial species, whereas some shrimp miRNAs were reported to be hijacked by WSSV and to enhance the viral replication and establish the infection in shrimp. This gives an insight into the double-edged sword role played by shrimp miRNA during host-pathogen interaction. In future, this role could be employed against the virus to strengthen the shrimp culture. In this review, we discuss the role of shrimp miRNA and their mechanism(s) associated with the establishment of host-pathogen interaction during infection, which will reveal the complexity associated with shrimp infection.

中文翻译：

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虾 miRNA 的双刃剑作用解释了虾与病原体相互作用之间的进化语言，从而解开了虾感染的结

使用小型封闭池塘系统的对虾生产是一个快速增长的水产养殖部门，到 2020 年的价值约为 183 亿美元。集约化对虾养殖导致传染性疾病的爆发，最终导致生产过程中的巨大损失和因此经济。对 microRNA (miRNA) 的研究表明，miRNA 在感染期间在宿主-病原体相互作用中具有重要作用。最近，虾 miRNA 已被证明有助于病原体样病毒的复制和感染。据报道，几种虾 miRNA 参与增强宿主对病毒感染的免疫力，特别是白斑综合征病毒 (WSSV) 感染和由细菌引起的弧菌感染，而据报道，一些虾 miRNA 被 WSSV 劫持并增强病毒复制并在虾中建立感染。这让我们深入了解虾 miRNA 在宿主-病原体相互作用中所起的双刃剑作用。将来，这个角色可以用来对抗病毒，以加强对虾养殖。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了虾 miRNA 的作用及其与感染期间宿主-病原体相互作用建立相关的机制，这将揭示与虾感染相关的复杂性。