Global change is a defining feature of the Anthropocene, the current human-dominated epoch, and poses imminent threats to ecosystem dynamics and services such as plant productivity, biodiversity, and environmental regulation. In this era, terrestrial ecosystems are experiencing perturbations linked to direct habitat modifications as well as indirect effects of global change on species distribution and extreme abiotic conditions. Microorganisms represent an important reservoir of biodiversity that can influence macro-organisms as they face habitat loss, rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration, pollution, global warming, and increased frequency of drought. Plant-microbe interactions in the phyllosphere have been shown to support plant growth and increase host resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we review how plant-microbe interactions in the phyllosphere can influence host survival and fitness in the context of global change. We highlight evidence that plant-microbe interactions (1) improve urban pollution remediation through the degradation of pollutants such as ultrafine particulate matter, black carbon, and atmospheric hydrocarbons, (2) have contrasting impacts on plant species range shifts through the loss of symbionts or pathogens, and (3) drive plant host adaptation to drought and warming. Finally, we discuss how key community ecology processes could drive plant-microbe interactions facing challenges of the Anthropocene.

全球变化是人类世（当前人类主导的时代）的一个决定性特征，并对植物生产力、生物多样性和环境监管等生态系统动态和服务构成迫在眉睫的威胁。在这个时代，陆地生态系统正在经历与直接栖息地改变以及全球变化对物种分布和极端非生物条件的间接影响相关的扰动。_{微生物是生物多样性的一个重要储库，当它们面临栖息地丧失、大气中 CO 2}上升时，它们可以影响大型生物浓度、污染、全球变暖和干旱频率增加。植物圈中的植物-微生物相互作用已被证明可以支持植物生长并增加宿主对生物和非生物胁迫的抵抗力。在这里，我们回顾了植物圈中的植物-微生物相互作用如何在全球变化的背景下影响宿主的生存和适应性。我们强调证据表明植物-微生物相互作用 (1) 通过降解超细颗粒物、黑碳和大气碳氢化合物等污染物改善城市污染修复，(2) 通过共生体的丧失或对植物物种范围变化产生对比影响病原体，以及 (3) 驱动植物宿主适应干旱和变暖。最后，