Alluvial landscapes have long been considered optimal locations for Neolithic settlement because of the availability of water and nutrient-bearing silts. However, the dynamics of these landscapes have often been underestimated in relation to the interactions of precipitation, temperature and vegetation at catchment scale, along with flow and geomorphic processes in the channel and adjacent areas. In this paper we employ a multi-method approach to model the alluvial landscape around Çatalhöyük in central Turkey to develop a more nuanced understanding of the potential interactions between the Neolithic population and its environment. Starting from detailed sedimentological reconstructions of the area surrounding the site, we use climate and vegetation proxies to estimate past climate scenarios. Four temperature and five precipitation scenarios and two vegetation endmember scenarios were constructed for the Neolithic. These scenarios are coupled with a stochastic weather generator to simulate past flows using the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model. Impacts and extents of past flooding are then estimated using bankfull flow estimates from the modelled time series. The model results suggest that crops at Çatalhöyük were less vulnerable to flooding than has previously been supposed, with flooding spread more evenly through the year and with relatively unerosive flows. Spatial variability suggests a range of wet and dry conditions would have been available at different times of the year near the site. Interannual and decadal variability was important and so resilience against drought is also a significant consideration and so subsistence patterns must have been resilient to this variability to enable the settlement to continue for over a millennium. This interpretation of the riverscape of Neolithic Çatalhöyük as a mosaic of wet and dry conditions is compatible with the range of plant and animal remains excavated from the site.

长期以来，冲积地貌一直被认为是新石器时代聚居地的最佳地点，因为这里有水和含养分的淤泥。然而，与降水、温度和植被在流域尺度上的相互作用以及河道和邻近地区的水流和地貌过程相关的这些景观的动态经常被低估。在本文中，我们采用多方法方法模拟土耳其中部 Çatalhöyük 周围的冲积景观，以更细致地了解新石器时代人口与其环境之间的潜在相互作用。从场地周围区域的详细沉积学重建开始，我们使用气候和植被代理来估计过去的气候情景。为新石器时代构建了四个温度和五个降水场景以及两个植被端元场景。这些场景与随机天气发生器结合使用 HEC-HMS 降雨径流模型模拟过去的流量。然后使用来自建模时间序列的全岸流量估计值来估计过去洪水的影响和范围。模型结果表明，Çatalhöyük 的作物比以前设想的更不容易受到洪水的影响，洪水在一年中的蔓延更加均匀，而且水流相对无侵蚀。空间可变性表明，在一年中的不同时间，场地附近会有一系列潮湿和干燥的条件。年际和年代际变化很重要，因此抗旱能力也是一个重要的考虑因素，因此生存模式必须能够适应这种变化，以使定居点能够持续一千年以上。这种将新石器时代 Çatalhöyük 的河流景观解释为潮湿和干燥条件的马赛克与从该地点挖掘出的植物和动物遗骸的范围兼容。