Coupled numerical models, which simulate water and energy fluxes in the subsurface–land-surface–atmosphere system in a physically consistent way, are a prerequisite for the analysis and a better understanding of heat and matter exchange fluxes at compartmental boundaries and interdependencies of states across these boundaries. Complete state evolutions generated by such models may be regarded as a proxy of the real world, provided they are run at sufficiently high resolution and incorporate the most important processes. Such a simulated reality can be used to test hypotheses on the functioning of the coupled terrestrial system. Coupled simulation systems, however, face severe problems caused by the vastly different scales of the processes acting in and between the compartments of the terrestrial system, which also hinders comprehensive tests of their realism. We used the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TerrSysMP), which couples the meteorological Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model, the land-surface Community Land Model (CLM), and the subsurface ParFlow model, to generate a simulated catchment for a regional terrestrial system mimicking the Neckar catchment in southwest Germany, the virtual Neckar catchment. Simulations for this catchment are made for the period 2007–2015 and at a spatial resolution of 400 m for the land surface and subsurface and 1.1 km for the atmosphere. Among a discussion of modeling challenges, the model performance is evaluated based on observations covering several variables of the water cycle. We find that the simulated catchment behaves in many aspects quite close to observations of the real Neckar catchment, e.g., concerning atmospheric boundary-layer height, precipitation, and runoff. But also discrepancies become apparent, both in the ability of the model to correctly simulate some processes which still need improvement, such as overland flow, and in the realism of some observation operators like the satellite-based soil moisture sensors. The whole raw dataset is available for interested users. The dataset described here is available via the CERA database (Schalge et al., 2020): https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/Neckar_VCS_v1.

中文翻译：

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2007-2015 年模拟内卡流域高分辨率大气-陆地-表面-地下模拟数据集的介绍和讨论

耦合数值模型以物理上一致的方式模拟地下-陆地-地表-大气系统中的水和能量通量，是分析和更好地理解隔室边界处的热和物质交换通量以及跨越状态的相互依存关系的先决条件。这些界限。由此类模型生成的完整状态演变可被视为现实世界的代理，只要它们以足够高的分辨率运行并包含最重要的过程。这种模拟现实可用于测试关于耦合地面系统功能的假设。然而，耦合模拟系统面临着由在陆地系统的隔间内和隔间之间作用的过程的巨大不同尺度引起的严重问题，这也阻碍了对其真实性的全面测试。我们使用了陆地系统建模平台 (TerrSysMP)，该平台结合了小尺度建模气象联盟 (COSMO) 模型、地表社区土地模型 (CLM) 和地下 ParFlow 模型，生成了一个模拟集水区，用于模拟德国西南部内卡流域的区域陆地系统，虚拟内卡流域。该流域的模拟是在 2007-2015 年期间进行的，地表和地下空间分辨率为 400 m，大气分辨率为 1.1 km。在对建模挑战的讨论中，模型性能是根据覆盖水循环的几个变量的观察来评估的。边界层高度、降水和径流。但差异也变得明显，无论是在模型正确模拟一些仍需要改进的过程（如地表流）的能力方面，还是在一些观测操作员（如基于卫星的土壤湿度传感器）的真实性方面。整个原始数据集可供感兴趣的用户使用。此处描述的数据集可通过 CERA 数据库（Schalge 等人，2020 年）获得：https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/Neckar_VCS_v1。