Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. The current treatment consists of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy; however, the median survival rate is only 12–18 months despite these alternatives, highlighting the urgent need to find new strategies. The heterogeneity of GBM makes this tumor difficult to treat, and the immunotherapies result in an attractive approach to modulate the antitumoral immune responses favoring the tumor eradication. The immunotherapies for GMB including monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses, among others, have shown favorable results alone or as a multimodal treatment. In this review, we summarize and discuss promising immunotherapies for GBM currently under preclinical investigation as well as in clinical trials.

中文翻译：

---

胶质母细胞瘤的新免疫治疗方法


胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤，死亡率很高。目前的治疗包括手术切除、放疗和化疗；然而，尽管有这些替代方案，中位生存率仅为 12-18 个月，这凸显了寻找新策略的迫切需要。 GBM 的异质性使得这种肿瘤难以治疗，而免疫疗法产生了一种有吸引力的方法来调节抗肿瘤免疫反应，有利于肿瘤根除。 GMB 的免疫疗法，包括单克隆抗体、检查点抑制剂、疫苗和溶瘤病毒等，单独或作为多模式治疗均显示出良好的结果。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了目前正在进行临床前研究和临床试验的有前景的 GBM 免疫疗法。