Developing a public response model of soundscape in parks can provide a basis for the optimization of soundscape design. Three representative urban landscape garden parks were selected in Hangzhou, in which a number of evaluation points were chosen along soundwalk paths. Binaural sounds at each evaluation point were sampled by an artificial head and the landscapes of horizontal view and vertical view were obtained by panoramic photos and satellite images, respectively. An evaluation on soundscape of each point was conducted in laboratory based on virtual reality technology, and the correlations between 17 acoustic indicators, 35 landscape indicators and soundscape satisfaction degree were analyzed. The public response model of soundscape satisfaction degree in parks was developed. Final indicators entering the model were the loudness level of sound, the aggregation index of water, the largest patch index of water and the landscape shape index of roads, and their standard regression coefficients were − 0.666, − 0.561, 0.523 and − 0.310, respectively. The weights of the influences of acoustic and landscape indicators on the satisfaction were 32.3% and 67.7%. When the percentage of vegetation area in park exceeds 15%, its contribution to satisfaction degree will be close to a fixed value (reflected in the constant term of the model). The soundscape satisfaction can be effectively improved by reducing the loudness level of sound in parks, increasing the area of the largest water patch with scattered water patches around it, and reducing the shape complexity of road patches.

开发公园声景的公共响应模型可以为优化声景设计提供依据。杭州选择了三个具有代表性的城市景观园林公园，其中沿声步道选择了多个评价点。每个评价点的双耳声音由人工头采样，水平视图和垂直视图的景观分别通过全景照片和卫星图像获得。实验室基于虚拟现实技术对各点声景进行评价，分析17个声学指标、35个景观指标与声景满意度之间的相关性。建立了公园声景满意度公众响应模型。最终进入模型的指标为声音响度、水体聚集指数、水体最大斑块指数和道路景观形态指数，其标准回归系数分别为-0.666、-0.561、0.523和-0.310 . 声学和景观指标对满意度的影响权重分别为32.3%和67.7%。当公园内植被面积的百分比超过15%时，其对满意度的贡献将接近于一个固定值（反映在模型的常数项中）。通过降低公园内声音的响度水平，增加最大水斑的面积并在其周围分散水斑，降低道路斑块的形状复杂度，可以有效提高声景满意度。最大的水体斑块指数和道路景观形态指数，其标准回归系数分别为-0.666、-0.561、0.523和-0.310。声学和景观指标对满意度的影响权重分别为32.3%和67.7%。当公园内植被面积的百分比超过15%时，其对满意度的贡献将接近于一个固定值（反映在模型的常数项中）。通过降低公园内声音的响度水平，增加最大水斑的面积并在其周围分散水斑，降低道路斑块的形状复杂度，可以有效提高声景满意度。最大的水体斑块指数和道路景观形态指数，其标准回归系数分别为-0.666、-0.561、0.523和-0.310。声学和景观指标对满意度的影响权重分别为32.3%和67.7%。当公园内植被面积的百分比超过15%时，其对满意度的贡献将接近于一个固定值（反映在模型的常数项中）。通过降低公园内声音的响度水平，增加最大水斑的面积并在其周围分散水斑，降低道路斑块的形状复杂度，可以有效提高声景满意度。声学和景观指标对满意度的影响权重分别为32.3%和67.7%。当公园内植被面积的百分比超过15%时，其对满意度的贡献将接近于一个固定值（反映在模型的常数项中）。通过降低公园内声音的响度水平，增加最大水斑的面积并在其周围分散水斑，降低道路斑块的形状复杂度，可以有效提高声景满意度。声学和景观指标对满意度的影响权重分别为32.3%和67.7%。当公园内植被面积的百分比超过15%时，其对满意度的贡献将接近于一个固定值（反映在模型的常数项中）。通过降低公园内声音的响度水平，增加最大水斑的面积并在其周围分散水斑，降低道路斑块的形状复杂度，可以有效提高声景满意度。