Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular nanovesicles secreted by most cells and found in multiple sources, including bodily fluids, plants, fruit, and bovine milk. They play an important role as mediators of intercellular communication, having a distinct ability to carry small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids to recipient cells over large distances. Moreover, competency in crossing usually poorly permeable biological barriers has led to their promising use in diagnostics and in therapeutics, either as therapeutic entities on their own or as drug delivery vehicles, with superior stability, biocompatibility, circulation time and target specificity in comparison to conventional drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically discuss the current literature on the use of exosomes in a therapeutic setting, with a particular focus on their use as drug delivery vehicles for mucosal drug delivery.

外泌体是大多数细胞分泌的膜结合细胞外纳米囊泡，存在于多种来源，包括体液、植物、水果和牛奶。它们作为细胞间通讯的介质发挥着重要作用，具有将小分子、蛋白质和核酸远距离携带到受体细胞的独特能力。此外，穿越通透性差的生物屏障的能力使其在诊断和治疗中具有广阔的应用前景，无论是作为自身的治疗实体还是作为药物递送载体，与传统的相比，具有优异的稳定性、生物相容性、循环时间和靶点特异性。给药系统。本综述的目的是总结和批判性讨论当前关于外泌体在治疗环境中使用的文献，