Prognosis and treatment of metastatic cancer continues to be one of the most difficult and challenging areas of oncology. Treatment usually consists of chemotherapeutics, which may be ineffective due to drug resistance, adverse effects, and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, novel approaches such as immunotherapy have been investigated to improve patient outcomes and minimize side effects. S100A9 is a calcium-binding protein implicated in tumor metastasis, progression, and aggressiveness that modulates the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive state. S100A9 is expressed in and secreted by immune cells in the pre-metastatic niche, as well as, post-tumor development, therefore making it a suitable targeted for prophylaxis and therapy. In previous work, it is demonstrated that cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) acts as an adjuvant when administered intratumorally. Here, it is demonstrated that systemically administered, S100A9-targeted CPMV homes to the lungs leading to recruitment of innate immune cells. This approach is efficacious both prophylactically and therapeutically against lung metastasis from melanoma and breast cancer. The current research will facilitate and accelerate the development of next-generation targeted immunotherapies administered as prophylaxis, that is, after surgery of a primary breast tumor to prevent outgrowth of metastasis, as well as, therapy to treat established metastatic disease.

中文翻译：

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S100A9-靶向豇豆花叶病毒作为转移性乳腺癌和黑色素瘤的预防性和治疗性免疫疗法

转移性癌症的预后和治疗仍然是肿瘤学中最困难和最具挑战性的领域之一。治疗通常由化疗药物组成，由于耐药性、不良反应和剂量限制性毒性，这些药物可能无效。因此，已经研究了诸如免疫疗法之类的新方法以改善患者的预后并最大程度地减少副作用。S100A9 是一种钙结合蛋白，与肿瘤转移、进展和侵袭性有关，可将肿瘤微环境调节为免疫抑制状态。S100A9 在转移前和肿瘤后发育的免疫细胞中表达和分泌，因此使其成为预防和治疗的合适靶点。在之前的工作中，已证明豇豆花叶病毒 (CPMV) 在肿瘤内给药时充当佐剂。在这里，证明了全身给药的、靶向 S100A9 的 CPMV 归巢于肺部，导致先天免疫细胞的募集。这种方法在预防和治疗上对黑色素瘤和乳腺癌的肺转移都是有效的。目前的研究将促进和加速下一代靶向免疫疗法的开发，作为预防措施，即在原发性乳腺肿瘤手术后预防转移的生长，以及治疗已确定的转移性疾病。这种方法在预防和治疗上对黑色素瘤和乳腺癌的肺转移都是有效的。目前的研究将促进和加速下一代靶向免疫疗法的开发，作为预防措施，即在原发性乳腺肿瘤手术后预防转移的生长，以及治疗已确定的转移性疾病。这种方法在预防和治疗上对黑色素瘤和乳腺癌的肺转移都是有效的。目前的研究将促进和加速下一代靶向免疫疗法的开发，作为预防措施，即在原发性乳腺肿瘤手术后预防转移的生长，以及治疗已确定的转移性疾病。