Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) and its receptor, KISS1R (encoded by the Kiss1r gene), have well-established roles in stimulating reproduction via central actions on reproductive neural circuits, but recent evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling also influences metabolism and energy balance. Indeed, both Kiss1 and Kiss1r are expressed in many metabolically-relevant peripheral tissues, including both white and brown adipose tissue, the liver, and the pancreas, suggesting possible actions on these tissues or involvement in their physiology. In addition, there may be central actions of kisspeptin signaling, or factors co-released from kisspeptin neurons, that modulate metabolic, feeding, or thermoregulatory processes. Accumulating data from animal models suggests that kisspeptin signaling regulates a wide variety of metabolic parameters, including body weight and energy expenditure, adiposity and adipose tissue function, food intake, glucose metabolism, respiratory rates, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation. Herein, the current evidence for the involvement of kisspeptin signaling in each of these physiological parameters is reviewed, gaps in knowledge identified, and future avenues of important research highlighted. Collectively, the discussed findings highlight emerging non-reproductive actions of kisspeptin signaling in metabolism and energy balance, in addition to previously documented roles in reproductive control, but also emphasize the need for more research to resolve current controversies and uncover underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms.

Kisspeptin（由Kiss1基因编码）及其受体 KISS1R（由Kiss1r基因编码）通过对生殖神经回路的中枢作用在刺激繁殖方面具有公认的作用，但最近的证据表明，kisspeptin 信号也影响新陈代谢和能量平衡. 事实上，Kiss1和Kiss1r在许多代谢相关的外周组织中表达，包括白色和棕色脂肪组织、肝脏和胰腺，表明可能对这些组织起作用或参与它们的生理学。此外，可能存在 kisspeptin 信号传导的中心作用，或从 kisspeptin 神经元共同释放的因子，调节代谢、进食或体温调节过程。来自动物模型的累积数据表明，kisspeptin 信号调节多种代谢参数，包括体重和能量消耗、肥胖和脂肪组织功能、食物摄入、葡萄糖代谢、呼吸频率、运动活动和体温调节。在此，回顾了目前关于 kisspeptin 信号转导参与这些生理参数的证据，确定了知识差距，并强调了重要研究的未来途径。总的来说，所讨论的发现突出了 kisspeptin 信号在新陈代谢和能量平衡中的新兴非生殖作用，除了先前记录的生殖控制作用外，还强调需要更多的研究来解决当前的争议并揭示潜在的分子和生理机制。