Making decisions is fundamental to how we navigate, survive, and thrive in our environment. The quality of information used to support decisions is rarely perfect. Many decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty, arising from ambiguous or conflicting information. Conflict and ambiguity, though conceptually distinct, both generate uncertainty, a commonality that has led to overlapping and inconsistent terminology in the literature. Evidence from human and animal research suggests a behavioral dissociation in responding to conflict and ambiguity. This dissociation can be studied through the implementation of spatial or operant tasks in rodents which find close parallels in gambling tasks in humans. Pharmacological manipulations in rodents and fMRI studies in humans further suggest a dissociation in the neural processing of conflict and ambiguity such that fronto-striato-parietal circuits may be most important for interpreting ambiguous information, while the ventral striatum and ventral hippocampus are critical for resolving conflicting information. Overall, the neural representation and resolution of conflict and ambiguity remain relatively understudied despite the fundamental importance of these processes to understanding decision-making. We highlight the need for further research to differentiate these related yet distinct processes through implementation of carefully designed behavioral tasks with neural circuit-dissection techniques and the potential to pursue translational research between rodents and humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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歧义与冲突：剖析决策中的不确定性。

决策是我们如何在环境中导航、生存和发展的基础。用于支持决策的信息质量很少是完美的。许多决定是在不确定的条件下做出的，这些决定是由模棱两可或相互矛盾的信息引起的。冲突和歧义虽然在概念上不同，但都会产生不确定性，这种共性导致了文献中术语的重叠和不一致。来自人类和动物研究的证据表明，在应对冲突和模棱两可时存在行为分离。这种分离可以通过在啮齿动物中执行空间或操作任务来研究，这些任务与人类的赌博任务非常相似。啮齿动物的药理学操作和人类功能磁共振成像研究进一步表明，冲突和歧义的神经处理存在分离，因此额-纹状体-顶叶回路可能对于解释模糊信息最重要，而腹侧纹状体和腹侧海马体对于解决冲突至关重要信息。总体而言，尽管这些过程对于理解决策具有根本重要性，但对冲突和歧义的神经表征和解决仍然相对缺乏研究。我们强调需要进一步研究，通过使用神经回路解剖技术实施精心设计的行为任务来区分这些相关但不同的过程，以及在啮齿动物和人类之间进行转化研究的潜力。