The circadian clock regulates numerous key physiological processes and maintains cellular, tissue, and systemic homeostasis. Disruption of circadian clock machinery influences key activities involved in immune response and brain function. Moreover, Immune activation has been closely linked to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the molecular clock machinery and the diurnal variation of immune activity. We summarize the circadian control of immunity in both central and peripheral immune cells, as well as the circadian regulation of brain cells that are implicated in neurodegeneration. We explore the important role of systemic inflammation on neurodegeneration. The circadian clock modulates cellular metabolism, which could be a mechanism underlying circadian control. We also discuss the circadian interventions implicated in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Targeting circadian clocks could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

生物钟调节许多关键的生理过程并维持细胞、组织和全身的稳态。生物钟机制的破坏会影响涉及免疫反应和大脑功能的关键活动。此外，免疫激活与神经退行性疾病密切相关。在这里，我们回顾了分子时钟机制和免疫活动的昼夜变化。我们总结了中枢和外周免疫细胞免疫的昼夜节律控制，以及与神经变性有关的脑细胞的昼夜节律调节。我们探讨全身炎症对神经退行性变的重要作用。生物钟调节细胞代谢，这可能是昼夜节律控制的潜在机制。我们还讨论了与炎症和神经退行性疾病有关的昼夜节律干预措施。针对生物钟可能是预防和治疗炎症和神经退行性疾病的潜在策略。