Stress is an essential adaptive response that enables the organism to cope with challenges and restore homeostasis. Different stressors require distinctive corrective responses in which immune cells play a critical role. Hence, effects of stress on immunity may vary accordingly. Indeed, epidemiologically, stress can induce either inflammation or immune suppression in an organism. However, in the absence of a conceptual framework, these effects appear chaotic, leading to confusion. Here, we examine how stressor diversity is imbedded in the neuroimmune axis. Stressors differ in the brain patterns they induce, diversifying the neuronal and endocrine mediators dispatched to the periphery and generating a wide range of potential immune effects. Uncovering this complexity and diversity of the immune response to different stressors will allow us to understand the involvement of stress in pathological conditions, identify ways to modulate it, and even harness the therapeutic potential embedded in an adaptive response to stress.

压力是一种基本的适应性反应，它使生物体能够应对挑战并恢复体内平衡。不同的压力源需要不同的纠正反应，其中免疫细胞起着关键作用。因此，压力对免疫力的影响可能会相应变化。事实上，从流行病学的角度来看，压力可以在生物体中诱发炎症或免疫抑制。然而，在没有概念框架的情况下，这些影响显得杂乱无章，导致混乱。在这里，我们研究了压力源多样性是如何嵌入神经免疫轴的。应激源在它们诱导的大脑模式方面有所不同，使发送到外围的神经元和内分泌介质多样化，并产生广泛的潜在免疫效应。