As the largest energy storage reservoir, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) stores excess lipids by adipocytes enlargement and/or recruitment of new precursor cells. Energy overload can cause ectopic fat deposition and metabolic diseases. In this study, 6814 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes and mature adipocytes by RNA-seq technique. The relative expression of the DEGs were verified by qPCR, such as PLIN2, MECR, ADCY7, PEBP1 and KLF5, and their expression level was found to be consistent with the trend of RNA-seq analysis. The KLF5 was selected for further functional verification. Overexpression of KLF5 promoted both the adipogenesis and the differentiation of preadipocytes, while the expression of preadipocyte marker gene: preadipocyte factor 1(Pref1) was decreased, as well as, peroxisome proliferator activation Receptor γ(PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ) and Sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1(SREBP1) were increased. On the contrary, the interference of KLF5 could reduce adipogenesis, enhance the expression of Pref1, and reduce the expression of C/EBPβ and SREBP1. Our research provides a basic reference for revealing the mechanism of subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation in goats.

作为最大的能量储存库，皮下脂肪组织 (SAT) 通过脂肪细胞增大和/或新前体细胞的募集来储存多余的脂质。能量超载会导致异位脂肪沉积和代谢疾病。在这项研究中，通过RNA-seq技术在山羊皮下前脂肪细胞和成熟脂肪细胞中筛选了6814个差异表达基因（DEGs）。通过qPCR验证DEGs的相对表达，如PLIN2、MECR、ADCY7、PEBP1和KLF5，发现其表达水平与RNA-seq分析趋势一致。的KLF5选择用于进一步功能验证。KLF5的过度表达促进前脂肪细胞的脂肪生成和分化，而前脂肪细胞标记基因：前脂肪细胞因子1（Pref1）的表达降低，以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白β（C/EBPβ）和甾醇调节元件结合蛋白同种型1（SREBP1）增加。相反，KLF5的干扰可以减少脂肪生成，增强Pref1的表达，降低C/EBPβ和SREBP1的表达。本研究为揭示山羊皮下脂肪细胞分化机制提供了基础参考。