A method based on experimental data, theoretical models, and the empirical estimation of experimental parameters in the equilibrium charge distribution of ions is proposed to evaluate charge changing cross sections. This method makes it possible to obtain cross sections for loss and capture of one or several electrons in gaseous and solid targets with the inclusion of the influence of excited states of ions and target atoms.

中文翻译：

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电荷的经验方法评估 - 改变横截面

提出了一种基于实验数据、理论模型和离子平衡电荷分布中实验参数的经验估计的方法来评估电荷变化截面。这种方法可以在包含离子和靶原子激发态的影响的情况下获得气体和固体靶中一个或几个电子的损失和捕获的横截面。