Background

Variations in the oral microbiota have been significantly correlated with the progress of autoimmune diseases, such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). However, there is no report outlining the character of tongue coating microbiota variations in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN).

Method

A total of 20 children with HSPN and 14 healthy controls were recruited for this research. Tongue coating samples of two groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity, principal component analysis (PCA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) were performed. Microbial function was assessed using the PICRUST.

Results

The ACE and Chao indices were greatly lower in the HSPN group than in the HG (P = 0.001). The Shannon and Simpson indices were dramatically reduced in children with HSPN compared with those in the healthy controls (P = 0.005). Bacteroidales, Selenomonadales, Lactobacillales, Fusobacteriales, Neisseriales, and Actinomycetales composed more than 80% of all sequences, while Bacteroidales was the most generous order in both groups. PCA, NMDS and PLS-DA showed a marked difference between the control and HSPN groups. LEfSe analysis showed alteration of tongue coating microbiota in the HSPN group. There were 30 metabolic functions significantly differed between the two groups.

Conclusions

Children with HSPN have substantially various tongue coating microbiota compared to healthy controls. Even though this research does not indicate causality, it is beneficial to enhance the possibility for coming microbial-based treatments to enhance the clinical effects of HSPN in children.

中文翻译：

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儿童过敏性紫癜性肾炎舌苔菌群的变化

背景

口腔微生物群的变化与自身免疫性疾病的进展显着相关，例如免疫球蛋白 A 肾病和过敏性紫癜（HSP）。然而，没有报告概述过敏性紫癜性肾炎 (HSPN) 儿童舌苔微生物群变异的特征。

方法

本研究共招募了 20 名患有 HSPN 的儿童和 14 名健康对照。采集两组舌苔样品进行16S rRNA基因测序。进行了多样性、主成分分析 (PCA)、非度量多维标度 (NMDS)、偏最小二乘判别分析 (PLS-DA) 和线性判别分析 (LDA) 效应大小 (LEfSe)。使用 PICRUST 评估微生物功能。

结果

HSPN 组的 ACE 和 Chao 指数远低于 HG（P  = 0.001）。与健康对照组相比，HSPN 儿童的香农指数和辛普森指数显着降低（P  = 0.005）。Bacteroidales，Selenomonadales，乳杆菌，Fusobacteriales，Neisseriales，和放线菌组成的所有序列的超过80％，而Bacteroidales是两组中最慷慨的命令。PCA、NMDS 和 PLS-DA 在对照组和 HSPN 组之间显示出显着差异。LEfSe 分析显示 HSPN 组舌苔微生物群的改变。两组之间有 30 项代谢功能存在显着差异。

结论

与健康对照组相比，HSPN 儿童的舌苔微生物群差异很大。尽管这项研究没有表明因果关系，但有利于提高未来基于微生物的治疗的可能性，以增强儿童 HSPN 的临床效果。