Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by the abnormal firing of neurons. Up to now, the use of antiepileptic drugs is the main method of epilepsy treatment. The development of antiepileptic drugs lasted for centuries. In general, most agents entering clinical practice act on the balance mechanisms of brain "excitability-inhibition". More specifically, they target voltage-gated ion channels, GABAergic transmission and glutamatergic transmission. In recent years, some novel drugs representing new mechanisms of action have been discovered. Although there are about 30 available drugs in the market, it is still in urgent need of discovering more effective and safer drugs. The development of new antiepileptic drugs is into a new era: from serendipitous discovery to evolutionary mechanism-based design. This article presents an overview of drug treatment of epilepsy, including a series of traditional and novel drugs.

中文翻译：

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癫痫的药物治疗：从偶然发现到进化机制。

癫痫是一种由神经元异常放电引起的慢性脑部疾病。迄今为止，使用抗癫痫药物是癫痫治疗的主要方法。抗癫痫药物的发展持续了几个世纪。一般来说，进入临床实践的大多数药物作用于大脑“兴奋-抑制”的平衡机制。更具体地说，它们针对电压门控离子通道、GABA 能传递和谷氨酸能传递。近年来，发现了一些代表新作用机制的新药。尽管市场上有大约 30 种可用药物，但仍迫切需要发现更有效、更安全的药物。新型抗癫痫药物的开发进入了一个新时代：从偶然发现到基于进化机制的设计。