The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. has dramatically increasied in recent years, and consequently so has the quantity of coproduct feed ingredients generated from this segment of the grain processing industry. These streams are almost exclusively utilized as livestock feed, which partially offsets the need for corn in feed rations, but other value-added applications do exist. Because of its use as an animal feed, considerable research has been conducted into the nutritional properties, but to a lesser extent the physical and flowability properties of commercially-produced distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There can be occasions when the quality of coproducts is not consistent. Thus questions regarding the influence of processing operations on the resulting coproduct characteristics must be examined. The objective of this research was to conduct extensive physical and flowability property analyses on DDGS samples which were produced under varying conditions in a pilot plant-scale ethanol plant, in order to investigate the effects of various manufacturing operations (specifically ethanol production and drying conditions) on the resulting properties of the DDGS. Using various laboratory methods, a variety of properties, including bulk density and angle of repose, were determined. DDGS fat content was highly correlated with aerated and packed bulk densities, which indicates that fat level plays a key role in flowability behavior. Future studies should examine this potential relationship in more depth, especially as the industry has moved to fat reduction via oil separation processes.

中文翻译：

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乙醇生产和干燥条件对具有可溶物的干酒糟的化学、物理和流动性的影响。

近年来，美国以玉米为原料的乙醇产量急剧增加，因此谷物加工业这一部分产生的副产品饲料成分的数量也随之增加。这些流几乎完全用作牲畜饲料，这部分抵消了饲料配给中对玉米的需求，但确实存在其他增值应用。由于其用作动物饲料，已经对营养特性进行了大量研究，但在较小程度上对商业生产的可溶物干酒糟 (DDGS) 的物理和流动特性进行了研究。有时副产品的质量会不一致。因此，必须检查有关加工操作对产生的副产品特性的影响的问题。本研究的目的是对中试工厂规模乙醇工厂在不同条件下生产的 DDGS 样品进行广泛的物理和流动性分析，以研究各种制造操作（特别是乙醇生产和干燥条件）的影响。 DDGS 的结果特性。使用各种实验室方法，确定了各种特性，包括体积密度和休止角。DDGS 脂肪含量与充气和填充堆积密度高度相关，这表明脂肪含量在流动性行为中起着关键作用。未来的研究应该更深入地研究这种潜在的关系，尤其是当该行业已经通过油分离过程转向减少脂肪时。