Rhodnius prolixus (the kissing bug and a major vector of Chagas disease) is an obligate blood feeder that in the case of the fifth instar consumes up to 10 times its unfed body weight in a single 20-minute feed. A post-prandial diuresis is initiated, within minutes of the start of gorging, in order to lower the mass and concentrate the nutrients of the meal. Thus, R. prolixus rapidly excretes a fluid that is high in NaCl content and hypo-osmotic to the hemolymph, thereby eliminating 50% of the volume of the blood meal within 3 hours of gorging. In R. prolixus, as with other insects, the Malpighian tubules play a critical role in diuresis. Malpighian tubules are not innervated, and their fine control comes under the influence of the neuroendocrine system that releases amines and neuropeptides as diuretic or antidiuretic hormones. These hormones act upon the Malpighian tubules via a variety of G protein-coupled receptors linked to second messenger systems that influence ion transporters and aquaporins; thereby regulating fluid secretion. Much has been discovered about the control of diuresis in R. prolixus, and other model insects, using classical endocrinological studies. The post-genomic era, however, has brought new insights, identifying novel diuretic and antidiuretic hormone-signaling pathways whilst also validating many of the classical discoveries. This paper will focus on recent discoveries into the neuroendocrine control of the rapid post-prandial diuresis in R. prolixus, in order to emphasize new insights from a transcriptome analysis of Malpighian tubules taken from unfed and fed bugs.

中文翻译：

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长红花马尔皮基小管的液体分泌：转录组分析新见解的神经内分泌控制。

Rhodnius prolixus（接吻虫和南美锥虫病的主要传播媒介）是一种专性吸血动物，在 5 龄的情况下，它在 20 分钟的一次喂食中消耗高达其未喂食体重的 10 倍。在开始狼吞虎咽的几分钟内开始餐后利尿，以降低体重并浓缩膳食中的营养成分。因此，R. prolixus 会迅速排出一种高 NaCl 含量且对血淋巴低渗透的液体，从而在 3 小时内将血粉的体积消除 50%。在 R. prolixus 中，与其他昆虫一样，Malpighian 小管在利尿中起关键作用。Malpighian 小管不受神经支配，它们的精细控制受到神经内分泌系统的影响，神经内分泌系统释放胺和神经肽作为利尿剂或抗利尿剂激素。这些激素通过与影响离子转运蛋白和水通道蛋白的第二信使系统相连的多种 G 蛋白偶联受体作用于马尔皮基小管；从而调节体液分泌。使用经典的内分泌学研究已经发现了很多关于 R. prolixus 和其他模式昆虫的利尿控制。然而，后基因组时代带来了新的见解，确定了新的利尿剂和抗利尿剂激素信号通路，同时也验证了许多经典发现。本文将重点关注 R. prolixus 快速餐后利尿的神经内分泌控制的最新发现，以强调对取自未喂食和喂食虫子的马尔皮基小管的转录组分析的新见解。