Sitting less elicits metabolic responses similar to exercise and enhances insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women,Diabetologia

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Sitting less elicits metabolic responses similar to exercise and enhances insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women
Diabetologia ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05558-5
Carlijn M E Remie ₁ , Georges E Janssens ₂ , Lena Bilet ₁ , Michel van Weeghel _{2,

3} , Bernard M F M Duvivier ₄ , Vera H W de Wit ₁ , Niels J Connell ₁ , Johanna A Jörgensen ₁ , Bauke V Schomakers _{2,

3} , Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling _{1,

5} , Joris Hoeks ₁ , Matthijs K C Hesselink ₁ , Esther Phielix ₁ , Riekelt H Houtkooper ₂ , Patrick Schrauwen ₁

Affiliation

Aims/hypothesis

In our current society sedentary behaviour predominates in most people and is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that replacing sitting time by standing and walking could be beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms are unknown and direct comparisons with exercise are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare metabolic responses of either sitting less or exercising, relative to being sedentary.

Methods

We performed a randomised, crossover intervention study in 12 overweight women who performed three well-controlled 4 day activity regimens: (1) sitting regimen (sitting 14 h/day); (2) exercise regimen (sitting 13 h/day, exercise 1 h/day); and (3) sitting less regimen (sitting 9 h/day, standing 4 h/day and walking 3 h/day). The primary outcome was insulin sensitivity measured by a two-step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. We additionally performed metabolomics on muscle biopsies taken before the clamp to identify changes at the molecular level.

Results

Replacing sitting time by standing and walking over 4 days resulted in improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, comparable with the improvement achieved by moderate-to-vigorous exercise. Specifically, we report a significant improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity in the sitting less (~13%) and the exercise regimen (~20%), compared with the sitting regimen. Furthermore, sitting less shifted the underlying muscle metabolome towards that seen with moderate-to-vigorous exercise, compared with the sitting regimen.

Conclusions/interpretations

Replacing sitting time by standing and walking is an attractive alternative to moderate-to-vigorous exercise for improving metabolic health.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03912922.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

少坐会引起类似于运动的代谢反应，并增强绝经后妇女的胰岛素敏感性

目标/假设

在我们当前的社会中，久坐行为在大多数人中占主导地位，并且与患 2 型糖尿病的风险有关。有人提出，用站立和步行来代替坐着的时间可能对 2 型糖尿病患者有益，但其潜在机制尚不清楚，也缺乏与运动的直接比较。我们的目标是直接比较少坐或运动相对于久坐不动的代谢反应。

方法

我们对 12 名超重女性进行了一项随机交叉干预研究，她们进行了三种控制良好的 4 天活动方案：（1）坐姿方案（每天坐 14 小时）；(2) 运动方案（坐13小时/天，运动1小时/天）；(3) 少坐养生法（坐9小时/天，站立4小时/天，步行3小时/天）。主要结果是通过两步高胰岛素-正常血糖钳测量的胰岛素敏感性。我们还对钳夹前的肌肉活检进行了代谢组学，以识别分子水平的变化。

结果

通过站立和步行超过 4 天来代替坐着的时间，可以改善外周胰岛素敏感性，与中度至剧烈运动所取得的改善相当。具体而言，我们报告说，与静坐方案相比，静坐方案 (~13%) 和运动方案 (~20%) 的外周胰岛素敏感性显着改善。此外，与坐着的养生法相比，坐着较少将潜在的肌肉代谢组转移到中等到剧烈运动中所见的水平。