In this commentary to the comprehensive review by Eliot et al. (2021), we fully comply with rejecting the ‘sexual dimorphism’ concept in its extreme, binary form. However, we criticise the authors’ extreme position and argue that sex/gender differences in the brain are far from being ‘trivial’ and ‘unlikely to be meaningful’. Our key arguments refer to the importance of small effects which can have meaningful behavioural consequences, and to several non-binary sex/gender-related factors which might explain individual differences better than sex/gender per se and which have shown to play important roles as risk factors in the aetiology of many mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. We conclude that the biopsychosocial approach is key to understanding sex/gender differences in the brain better than we currently do.

在这篇对 Eliot 等人的综合评论的评论中。（2021），我们完全遵守拒绝极端二元形式的“性二态”概念。然而，我们批评作者的极端立场，并认为大脑中的性别/性别差异远非“微不足道”和“不可能有意义”。我们的主要论点涉及可以产生有意义的行为后果的小影响的重要性，以及一些非二元性别/性别相关因素，这些因素可能比性别/性别本身更好地解释个体差异，并已证明在以下方面发挥重要作用许多精神和神经发育障碍的病因学中的危险因素。我们得出的结论是，生物心理社会方法是比我们目前更好地理解大脑中性别/性别差异的关键。