Direct seeding is increasingly being used as a cost-effective revegetation technique. Successful outcomes from direct seeding rely on effective weed control, particularly during the vulnerable seedling establishment phase. Post-sowing weed control options are constrained by the need to protect seedlings from damage and few studies have compared the effectiveness of different weed control techniques. We evaluated the effect of preliminary hand weeding (with subsequent spraying), spraying monthly or spraying quarterly with glyphosate, on woody seedling emergence, survival and growth in trials sown either in spring or autumn at a riparian site in Victoria, southeastern Australia. Seedling numbers were recorded monthly for 6 months and at 12 months after sowing, with seedling survival and heights assessed at 12 months. Total seedling numbers were higher in subplots initially hand weeded than in subplots sprayed on either a monthly or quarterly basis, regardless of when direct seeding occurred, but weed control treatment had no effect on seedling survival. These results indicate that post-sowing spraying limited rates of seedling emergence, either directly or indirectly. For direct seeding, hand weeding in the first few months after sowing may maximise rates of woody seedling emergence, while spraying with glyphosate may inhibit seedling emergence.

中文翻译：

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播种后杂草控制技术会影响木本幼苗数量，早期手工除草可能比早期喷洒更有益

直播越来越多地被用作一种具有成本效益的重新植被技术。直接播种的成功结果取决于有效的杂草控制，尤其是在脆弱的幼苗建立阶段。播种后杂草控制选项受到保护幼苗免受损害的需要的限制，很少有研究比较不同杂草控制技术的有效性。我们评估了在澳大利亚东南部维多利亚州的一个河岸地区春季或秋季播种的试验中，初步手工除草（随后喷洒）、每月喷洒或每季度喷洒草甘膦对木本幼苗出苗、存活和生长的影响。播种后 6 个月和 12 个月每月记录幼苗数量，并在 12 个月评估幼苗存活率和高度。无论直接播种何时发生，最初手工除草的子地块的总幼苗数都高于每月或每季度喷洒的子地块，但杂草控制处理对幼苗的存活没有影响。这些结果表明，播种后喷洒直接或间接地限制了出苗率。对于直接播种，播种后最初几个月的人工除草可以最大限度地提高木本幼苗的出苗率，而喷洒草甘膦可能会抑制幼苗的出苗率。直接或间接。对于直接播种，播种后最初几个月的人工除草可以最大限度地提高木本幼苗的出苗率，而喷洒草甘膦可能会抑制幼苗的出苗率。直接或间接。对于直接播种，播种后最初几个月的人工除草可以最大限度地提高木本幼苗的出苗率，而喷洒草甘膦可能会抑制幼苗的出苗率。