The acoustic emission (AE) technique can be used to locate failure-induced AE sources and provides an alternative to continuously visualise the development of failures inside stressed materials; however, a literature review reveals almost no studies regarding its application for source location in granular materials. Yet the visualisation of ubiquitously observed strain localisation and shear banding is critical to an in-depth understanding of the progressive failure mechanism of granular materials. In this paper, an original AE source three-dimensional (3D) tracing code based on the idea of ‘time difference of arrival’ (TDOA) was developed using Matlab programming, for the first time, to continuously visualise particle-scale interactions involved in saturated granular soils. After validating its feasibility through a series of pencil lead break (PLB) tests, the developed AE source 3D tracing code was applied to saturated granular soils subjected to drained triaxial shearing. Both the results of PLB tests and drained triaxial shearing tests demonstrate a good consistency between the traced AE source and actual PLB/particle interaction-induced sources. This suggests that the developed AE source 3D tracing code could be used to visualise the initiation and evolution of strain localisation and shear banding in saturated granular soils subjected to drained triaxial shearing.

中文翻译：

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声发射源追踪方法在颗粒材料剪切带可视化中的应用

声发射 (AE) 技术可用于定位失效引起的 AE 源，并提供一种替代方法，以连续可视化受压材料内部的失效发展；然而，文献综述显示几乎没有关于其在颗粒材料中的源定位应用的研究。然而，普遍观察到的应变局部化和剪切带的可视化对于深入了解颗粒材料的渐进破坏机制至关重要。在本文中，首次使用 Matlab 编程开发了基于“到达时间差”(TDOA) 思想的原始 AE 源三维 (3D) 跟踪代码，以连续可视化所涉及的粒子尺度相互作用。饱和粒状土壤。在通过一系列铅笔芯断裂 (PLB) 测试验证其可行性后，将开发的 AE 源 3D 跟踪代码应用于经受排水三轴剪切的饱和颗粒土壤。PLB 测试和排水三轴剪切测试的结果都证明了追踪的 AE 源与实际 PLB/粒子相互作用诱导源之间的良好一致性。这表明，开发的 AE 源 3D 跟踪代码可用于可视化受排水三轴剪切的饱和颗粒土壤中应变定位和剪切带的起始和演变。PLB 测试和排水三轴剪切测试的结果都证明了追踪的 AE 源与实际 PLB/粒子相互作用诱导源之间的良好一致性。这表明，开发的 AE 源 3D 跟踪代码可用于可视化受排水三轴剪切的饱和颗粒土壤中应变定位和剪切带的起始和演变。PLB 测试和排水三轴剪切测试的结果都证明了追踪的 AE 源与实际 PLB/粒子相互作用诱导源之间的良好一致性。这表明，开发的 AE 源 3D 跟踪代码可用于可视化受排水三轴剪切的饱和颗粒土壤中应变定位和剪切带的起始和演变。