Optimal immune responses furnish long-lasting (durable) antibodies protective across dynamically mutating viral variants (broad). To assess robustness of mRNA vaccine-induced immunity, we compared antibody durability and breadth after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. While vaccination delivered robust initial virus-specific antibodies with some cross-variant coverage, pre-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced antibodies, while modest in magnitude, showed highly stable long-term antibody dynamics. Vaccination after infection induced maximal antibody magnitudes with enhanced longitudinal stability while infection-naïve vaccinee antibodies fell with time to post-infection-alone levels. The composition of antibody neutralizing activity to variant relative to original virus also differed between groups, with infection-induced antibodies demonstrating greater relative breadth. Differential antibody durability trajectories favored COVID-19-recovered subjects with dual memory B cell features of greater early antibody somatic mutation and cross-coronavirus reactivity. By illuminating an infection-mediated antibody breadth advantage and an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody durability-enhancing function conferred by recalled immunity, these findings may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种的差异抗体动力学

最佳免疫反应提供持久（耐用）抗体，保护动态变异病毒变体（广泛）。为了评估 mRNA 疫苗诱导免疫的稳健性，我们比较了 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种后的抗体耐久性和广度。虽然疫苗接种提供了强大的初始病毒特异性抗体，并具有一些交叉变体覆盖范围，但变体前 SARS-CoV-2 感染诱导的抗体虽然量级适中，但显示出高度稳定的长期抗体动态。感染后接种疫苗诱导最大抗体量级，纵向稳定性增强，而未感染疫苗者抗体随时间下降至单独感染后水平。相对于原始病毒的变体抗体中和活性的组成在组间也不同，感染诱导的抗体表现出更大的相对广度。差异抗体耐久性轨迹有利于具有双重记忆 B 细胞特征的 COVID-19 康复受试者，这些特征具有更大的早期抗体体细胞突变和交叉冠状病毒反应性。通过阐明感染介导的抗体广度优势和由召回免疫赋予的抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体耐久性增强功能，这些发现可作为持续改进疫苗策略的指南。