Composting is an effective technology to recycle organic solid waste as a green resource. However, pharmaceutical fermentation residue (PFR) contains a variety of pollutants, such as residual drug and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which limits the green cycle of using PFR as a resource. To promote the green recycling of PFR, this study evaluated the characteristics of abundance and the response relationship of ARGs during the process of rapid composting. Different rapid composting samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from each sample. The absolute abundance of ARGs was quantified using quantitative PCR, and the microbial community structure was identified using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that ermB, ermF, tetM and tetQ were reduced by 89.55%, 15.10%, 89.55%, and 82.30% respectively, and only sul2 increased by approximately 5-fold. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) directly affected the changes in abundance of ARGs. As typical MGEs, intl1 and intl2 decreased by 3.40% and 54.32%, respectively. Potential host microorganisms important factors that affected ARGs and MGEs. A network analysis indicated that the potential host microorganisms were primarily distributed in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. The pH and content of water-extractable sulfur were physicochemical parameters that substantially affected the abundance of potential host microorganisms through redundancy analysis. Industrial-scale rapid composting could reduce the number of ARGs and shorten the composting cycle, which merits its popularization and application.

堆肥是一种将有机固体废物作为绿色资源进行回收利用的有效技术。然而，制药发酵残留物（PFR）中含有多种污染物，如残留的药物和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），限制了以PFR为资源的绿色循环。为促进PFR的绿色循环利用，本研究评估了快速堆肥过程中ARGs的丰度特征和响应关系。收集不同的快速堆肥样品，并从每个样品中提取 DNA。使用定量 PCR 对 ARG 的绝对丰度进行量化，并使用高通量测序确定微生物群落结构。结果表明, ermB , ermF , tetM和tetQ分别减少了 89.55%、15.10%、89.55% 和 82.30%，只有 sul2 增加了大约 5 倍。移动遗传元件（MGEs）直接影响 ARGs 丰度的变化。作为典型的 MGE，intl1和intl2分别下降了 3.40% 和 54.32%。潜在宿主微生物是影响 ARGs 和 MGEs 的重要因素。网络分析表明，潜在宿主微生物主要分布在门水平的厚壁菌门和变形菌门中。水可萃取硫的 pH 值和含量是通过冗余分析显着影响潜在宿主微生物丰度的物理化学参数。工业规模的快速堆肥可以减少ARGs的数量，缩短堆肥周期，值得推广应用。