Each winter, the North Atlantic Ocean is the stage for numerous cyclones, the most severe ones leading to seabird mass-mortality events called “winter wrecks.”1, 2, 3 During these, thousands of emaciated seabird carcasses are washed ashore along European and North American coasts. Winter cyclones can therefore shape seabird population dynamics^4,5 by affecting survival rates as well as the body condition of surviving individuals and thus their future reproduction. However, most often the geographic origins of impacted seabirds and the causes of their deaths remain unclear.⁶ We performed the first ocean-basin scale assessment of cyclone exposure in a seabird community by coupling winter tracking data for ∼1,500 individuals of five key North Atlantic seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, and Rissa tridactyla) and cyclone locations. We then explored the energetic consequences of different cyclonic conditions using a mechanistic bioenergetics model⁷ and tested the hypothesis that cyclones dramatically increase seabird energy requirements. We demonstrated that cyclones of high intensity impacted birds from all studied species and breeding colonies during winter but especially those aggregating in the Labrador Sea, the Davis Strait, the surroundings of Iceland, and the Barents Sea. Our broad-scale analyses suggested that cyclonic conditions do not increase seabird energy requirements, implying that they die because of the unavailability of their prey and/or their inability to feed during cyclones. Our study provides essential information on seabird cyclone exposure in a context of marked cyclone regime changes due to global warming.⁸

每年冬天，北大西洋都是众多旋风的舞台，最严重的旋风会导致被称为“冬季残骸”的海鸟大规模死亡事件。1、2、3 在这些旋风中，成千上万的瘦弱的海鸟尸体被冲上欧洲和海岸。北美海岸。因此，冬季气旋可以通过影响存活率以及幸存个体的身体状况以及它们未来的繁殖来塑造海鸟种群动态^{4 、5 。}然而，大多数情况下，受影响海鸟的地理起源及其死亡原因仍不清楚。⁶我们通过结合北大西洋五种主要海鸟物种（Alle alle、Fratercula arctica、Uria aalge 、Uria lomvia和Rissa tridactyla）的约 1,500 只个体的冬季跟踪数据，对海鸟群落中的气旋暴露进行了首次海洋盆地规模评估，以及旋风位置。然后，我们使用机械生物能量学模型^{7探索了不同气旋条件的能量后果}并测试了旋风显着增加海鸟能量需求的假设。我们证明，在冬季，高强度气旋影响了所有研究物种和繁殖地的鸟类，尤其是那些聚集在拉布拉多海、戴维斯海峡、冰岛周边地区和巴伦支海的鸟类。我们的广泛分析表明，气旋条件不会增加海鸟的能量需求，这意味着它们会因为无法获得猎物和/或在气旋期间无法进食而死亡。我们的研究提供了在全球变暖导致气旋状态显着变化的背景下海鸟气旋暴露的基本信息。⁸