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Thermogalvanic and Thermocapacitive Behavior of Superabsorbent Hydrogels for Combined Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Conversion and Harvesting
ACS Applied Energy Materials ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02060 Mark A. Buckingham 1 , Shuai Zhang 2 , Yuqing Liu 2 , Jun Chen 2 , Frank Marken 3 , Leigh Aldous 1
ACS Applied Energy Materials ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02060 Mark A. Buckingham 1 , Shuai Zhang 2 , Yuqing Liu 2 , Jun Chen 2 , Frank Marken 3 , Leigh Aldous 1
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Around two-thirds of the energy generated by the society is lost as waste heat. Thermogalvanic cells can continuously convert thermal energy directly into electrical energy. Conversely, thermocapacitors can convert and store thermal energy as thermocapacitance. Here, we report two superabsorbent monolithic polymer hydrogel matrices designed through vessel-templated synthesis, which act as soft host materials for extremely high concentrations of redox-active ions, namely, [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– and Fe2+/3+. These highly charged superabsorbent hydrogels were found to improve both electrocatalysis and ohmic resistance of the hosted redox couples, preventing electrolyte leakage, and enable the ability to perform both thermogalvanic conversion and thermocapacitive storage. An unoptimized maximum thermogalvanic power density was observed at ca. 95 mW m–2 (ΔT of 20 K), on par with other reported gelled systems. An optimized thermocapacitance density of ca. 220 F cm–2 was achieved, which is 15-fold higher than the highest previously reported. These novel systems therefore present new possibilities in both the harvesting and storage of low-grade waste thermal energy.
中文翻译：
用于结合低温热能转换和收集的超吸收水凝胶的热电偶和热电容行为
社会产生的能量中约有三分之二以废热形式流失。热原电池可以连续不断地将热能直接转化为电能。相反，热电容器可以将热能转换和存储为热电容。在这里，我们报告了两种通过容器模板合成设计的超吸收性整体聚合物水凝胶基质，它们作为软主体材料用于极高浓度的氧化还原活性离子，即 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3–/4–和 Fe 2 +/3+. 发现这些高度带电的超吸收性水凝胶可以改善承载氧化还原对的电催化和欧姆电阻，防止电解质泄漏，并能够进行热电转换和热电容存储。未优化的最大热电偶功率密度在约 20 处观察到。95 mW m –2（Δ T为 20 K），与其他报道的凝胶系统相当。优化的热电容密度约。达到了220 F cm –2，比之前报道的最高值高 15 倍。因此，这些新型系统为低品位废热能的收集和储存提供了新的可能性。
更新日期：2021-10-25
中文翻译：
用于结合低温热能转换和收集的超吸收水凝胶的热电偶和热电容行为
社会产生的能量中约有三分之二以废热形式流失。热原电池可以连续不断地将热能直接转化为电能。相反，热电容器可以将热能转换和存储为热电容。在这里，我们报告了两种通过容器模板合成设计的超吸收性整体聚合物水凝胶基质，它们作为软主体材料用于极高浓度的氧化还原活性离子，即 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3–/4–和 Fe 2 +/3+. 发现这些高度带电的超吸收性水凝胶可以改善承载氧化还原对的电催化和欧姆电阻，防止电解质泄漏，并能够进行热电转换和热电容存储。未优化的最大热电偶功率密度在约 20 处观察到。95 mW m –2（Δ T为 20 K），与其他报道的凝胶系统相当。优化的热电容密度约。达到了220 F cm –2，比之前报道的最高值高 15 倍。因此，这些新型系统为低品位废热能的收集和储存提供了新的可能性。
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