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Peak load minimization of an e-bus depot: impacts of user-set conditions in optimization algorithms
Energy Informatics Pub Date : 2021-09-13 , DOI: 10.1186/s42162-021-00174-4
Enrico Toniato 1 , Prakhar Mehta 2 , Verena Tiefenbeck 2, 3 , Stevan Marinkovic 4
Affiliation  

The transport sector is responsible for 25% of global CO2 emissions. To reduce emissions in the EU, a shift from the currently 745,000 operating public buses to electric buses (EBs) is expected in the coming years. Large-scale deployments of EBs and the electrification of bus depots will have a considerable impact on the local electric grid, potentially creating network congestion problems and spikes in the local energy load. In this work, we implement an exact, offline, modular multi-variable mixed-integer linear optimization algorithm to minimize the daily power load profile peak and optimally plan an electric bus depot. The algorithm accepts a bus depot schedule as input, and depending on the user input on optimization conditions, accounts for varying time granularity, preemption of the charging phase, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging capabilities and varying fleet size. The primary objective of this work is the analysis of the impact of each of these input conditions on the resulting minimized peak load. The results show that our optimization algorithm can reduce peak load by 83% on average. Time granularity and V2G have the greatest impact on peak reduction, whereas preemption and fleet splitting have the greatest impact on the computational time but an insignificant impact on peak reduction. The results bear relevance for mobility planners to account for innovative fleet management options. Depot infrastructure costs can be minimized by optimally sizing the infrastructure needs, by relying on split-fleet management or V2G options.

中文翻译:

电动巴士站点的峰值负载最小化:优化算法中用户设置条件的影响

运输部门占全球二氧化碳排放量的 25%。为了减少欧盟的排放,预计未来几年将从目前运营的 745,000 辆公共巴士转向电动巴士 (EB)。EB 的大规模部署和公交车站的电气化将对当地电网产生相当大的影响,可能会造成网络拥堵问题和当地能源负荷的峰值。在这项工作中,我们实施了一种精确的、离线的、模块化的多变量混合整数线性优化算法,以最小化每日电力负荷曲线峰值并优化规划电动公交车站。该算法接受公交车站时间表作为输入,并根据用户对优化条件的输入,考虑不同的时间粒度、充电阶段的抢占、车辆到电网 (V2G) 充电能力和不同的车队规模。这项工作的主要目标是分析每个输入条件对最终最小化峰值负载的影响。结果表明,我们的优化算法可以将峰值负载平均降低 83%。时间粒度和 V2G 对降峰影响最大,而抢占和队列拆分对计算时间影响最大​​,但对降峰影响不大。结果与出行规划者有关,以考虑创新的车队管理选项。依靠拆分车队管理或 V2G 选项,可以通过优化调整基础设施需求来最大限度地降低仓库基础设施成本。这项工作的主要目标是分析每个输入条件对最终最小化峰值负载的影响。结果表明,我们的优化算法可以将峰值负载平均降低 83%。时间粒度和 V2G 对降峰影响最大,而抢占和队列拆分对计算时间影响最大​​,但对降峰影响不大。结果与出行规划者有关,以考虑创新的车队管理选项。依靠拆分车队管理或 V2G 选项,可以通过优化调整基础设施需求来最大限度地降低仓库基础设施成本。这项工作的主要目标是分析这些输入条件中的每一个对最终最小化峰值负载的影响。结果表明,我们的优化算法可以将峰值负载平均降低 83%。时间粒度和 V2G 对降峰影响最大,而抢占和队列拆分对计算时间影响最大​​,但对降峰影响不大。结果与出行规划者有关,以考虑创新的车队管理选项。依靠拆分车队管理或 V2G 选项,可以通过优化调整基础设施需求来最大限度地降低仓库基础设施成本。时间粒度和 V2G 对降峰影响最大,而抢占和队列拆分对计算时间影响最大​​,但对降峰影响不大。结果与出行规划者有关,以考虑创新的车队管理选项。通过依靠拆分车队管理或 V2G 选项优化基础设施需求的规模,可以最大限度地降低仓库基础设施成本。时间粒度和 V2G 对降峰影响最大,而抢占和队列拆分对计算时间影响最大​​,但对降峰影响不大。结果与出行规划者有关,以考虑创新的车队管理选项。依靠拆分车队管理或 V2G 选项,可以通过优化调整基础设施需求来最大限度地降低仓库基础设施成本。
更新日期:2021-09-13
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