Myxobacteria harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters that can produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites. Minicystis rosea DSM 24000T is a soil-dwelling myxobacterium belonging to the suborderSorangiineae and family Polyangiaceae and is known to produce various secondary metabolites as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to explore the diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in M. rosea. Using PacBio sequencing technology, we assembled the 16.04 Mbp complete genome of M. rosea DSM 24000T, the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date. About 44% of its coding potential represents paralogous genes predominantly associated with signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and protein folding. These genes are involved in various essential functions such as cellular organization, diverse niche adaptation, and bacterial cooperation, and enable social behavior like gliding motility, sporulation, and predation, typical of myxobacteria. A profusion of eukaryotic-like kinases (353) and an elevated ratio of phosphatases (8.2/1) in M. rosea as compared to other myxobacteria suggest gene duplication as one of the primary modes of genome expansion. About 7.7% of the genes are involved in the biosynthesis of a diverse array of secondary metabolites such as polyketides, terpenes, and bacteriocins. Phylogeny of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis (pfa) together with the conserved synteny of the complete pfa gene cluster suggests acquisition via horizontal gene transfer from Actinobacteria. Overall, this study describes the complete genome sequence of M. rosea, comparative genomic analysis to explore the putative reasons for its large genome size, and explores the secondary metabolite potential, including the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

中文翻译：

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粘杆菌小囊藻DSM 24000T多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成基因全基因组序列及鉴定

粘细菌含有许多生物合成基因簇，可以产生多种次生代谢物。Minicystis rosea DSM 24000T 是一种土壤黏杆菌，属于 Sorangiineae 亚目和 Polyangiaceae 科，已知可产生各种次生代谢物以及多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)。在这里，我们使用全基因组测序来探索玫瑰花中生物合成基因簇的多样性。使用 PacBio 测序技术，我们组装了 M. rosea DSM 24000T 的 16.04 Mbp 完整基因组，这是迄今为止测序的最大细菌基因组。大约 44% 的编码潜力代表主要与信号转导、转录调控和蛋白质折叠相关的旁系同源基因。这些基因涉及各种基本功能，例如细胞组织、多样化的生态位适应和细菌合作，并使社会行为如滑翔运动、孢子形成和捕食，粘细菌的典型特征。与其他粘细菌相比，玫瑰花中大量真核样激酶 (353) 和升高的磷酸酶比例 (8.2/1) 表明基因复制是基因组扩展的主要模式之一。大约 7.7% 的基因参与了多种次级代谢物的生物合成，例如聚酮化合物、萜烯和细菌素。参与 PUFA 生物合成 (pfa) 的基因的系统发育以及完整 pfa 基因簇的保守同线性表明通过水平基因转移从放线菌获得。总的来说，这项研究描述了 M. rosea 的完整基因组序列，