Phytoremediation potential of two oil crop rotations (oilseed sunflower–rape (O+Ra) and peanut–oilseed rape (P+Ra)) was compared with three conventional cropping patterns (rice–rape (R+Ra), rice–rice (R+R), single cropped rice (SR)) in experimental plots with cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. A new approach was used to evaluate phytoremediation potential based on the balance between annual input and output fluxes of Cd in farmland soil. In O+Ra and P+Ra rotations, 77.24 and 62.09 g/ha Cd were removed, respectively, whereas in R+Ra, R+R, and SR patterns, 41.79, 46.46, and 23.85 g/ha Cd were removed, respectively. The balance between inputs and outputs of Cd was − 40.72 and − 25.76 g/ha under O+Ra and P+Ra rotations, respectively. Available Cd content in topsoil was reduced by 5.58% and 3.91% under O+Ra and P+Ra rotations, respectively. Based on the balance between Cd inputs and outputs, phytoremediation efficiencies of O+Ra (1.23%) and P+Ra (0.78%) rotations were higher than those of R+R (0.29%), R+Ra (0.13%), and SR (− 0.38%) systems. Because crop removal is the main Cd output pathway, selection of a suitable crop is particularly important in remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland.

将两种油料作物轮作（油菜-油菜（O+Ra）和花生-油菜（P+Ra））的植物修复潜力与三种常规种植模式（水稻-油菜（R+Ra）、水稻-水稻（R +R), 单季稻 (SR)) 在受镉 (Cd) 污染的土壤的试验区中。基于农田土壤中 Cd 年输入和输出通量之间的平衡，采用一种新方法评估植物修复潜力。在 O+Ra 和 P+Ra 轮换中，分别去除了 77.24 和 62.09 g/ha Cd，而在 R+Ra、R+R 和 SR 模式中，分别去除了 41.79、46.46 和 23.85 g/ha Cd . 在 O+Ra 和 P+Ra 旋转下，Cd 的输入和输出之间的平衡分别为 - 40.72 和 - 25.76 g/ha。在 O+Ra 和 P+Ra 轮作下，表层土壤有效 Cd 含量分别降低了 5.58% 和 3.91%。 0.38%) 系统。由于作物去除是镉的主要输出途径，因此选择合适的作物对于镉污染农田的修复尤为重要。