Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the sixth most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, barley and sorghum. It is widely grown on 30 million ha in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa, accounting for almost half of the global millet production. Climate change affects crop production by directly influencing biophysical factors such as plant and animal growth along with the various areas associated with food processing and distribution. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture can be helpful to anticipate and adapt farming to maximize the agricultural production more effectively. Pearl millet being a climate-resilient crop is important to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and has the potential to increase income and food security of farming communities in arid regions. Pearl millet has a deep root system and can survive in a wide range of ecological conditions under water scarcity. It has high photosynthetic efficiency with an excellent productivity and growth in low nutrient soil conditions and is less reliant on chemical fertilizers. These attributes have made it a crop of choice for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world; however, fewer efforts have been made to study the climate-resilient features of pearl millet in comparison to the other major cereals. Several hybrids and varieties of pearl millet were developed during the past 50 years in India by both the public and private sectors. Pearl millet is also nutritionally superior and rich in micronutrients such as iron and zinc and can mitigate malnutrition and hidden hunger. Inclusion of minimum standards for micronutrients—grain iron and zinc content in the cultivar release policy—is the first of its kind step taken in pearl millet anywhere in the world, which can lead toward enhanced food and nutritional security. The availability of high-quality whole-genome sequencing and re-sequencing information of several lines may aid genomic dissection of stress tolerance and provide a good opportunity to further exploit the nutritional and climate-resilient attributes of pearl millet. Hence, more efforts should be put into its genetic enhancement and improvement in inheritance to exploit it in a better way. Thus, pearl millet is the next-generation crop holding the potential of nutritional richness and the climate resilience and efforts must be targeted to develop nutritionally dense hybrids/varieties tolerant to drought using different omics approaches.

珍珠小米[狼尾草(L.) R. Br.] 是仅次于水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦和高粱的第六大最重要的谷类作物。它在亚洲和非洲的干旱和半干旱热带地区广泛种植 3000 万公顷，几乎占全球小米产量的一半。气候变化通过直接影响植物和动物生长以及与食品加工和分销相关的各个领域等生物物理因素来影响作物生产。评估全球气候变化对农业的影响有助于预测和调整农业，以更有效地最大限度地提高农业产量。珍珠粟是一种气候适应性强的作物，对于尽量减少气候变化的不利影响很重要，并且有可能增加干旱地区农业社区的收入和粮食安全。珍珠粟具有深厚的根系，可以在缺水条件下在广泛的生态条件下生存。它具有高光合效率，在低营养土壤条件下具有出色的生产力和生长能力，并且对化肥的依赖程度较低。这些特性使其成为世界干旱和半干旱地区种植的首选作物；然而，与其他主要谷物相比，研究珍珠粟的气候适应性特征的努力较少。在过去的 50 年里，印度的公共和私营部门开发了几种珍珠粟的杂交品种和品种。珍珠粟的营养价值也很高，富含铁和锌等微量营养素，可以缓解营养不良和隐性饥饿。将微量营养素的最低标准——谷物铁和锌含量纳入品种发布政策——是世界上任何地方珍珠粟采取的同类步骤中的第一个，这可以提高粮食和营养安全。几个品系的高质量全基因组测序和重测序信息的可用性可能有助于基因组解剖抗逆性，并为进一步利用珍珠粟的营养和气候适应特性提供良好的机会。因此，应在其遗传增强和遗传改良方面付出更多努力，以更好地利用它。因此，