Trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases (TIDSs) genes are known to be important determinants for terpene diversity and the accumulation of terpenoids. The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora, which is rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other aromatic compounds, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and has therefore attracted considerable interest. However, the TIDS gene family, and its relationship to the camphor tree (C. camphora L. Presl.), has not yet been characterized. In this study, we identified 10 TIDS genes in the genome of the C. camphora borneol chemotype that were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed that the TIDS gene family in this species likely expanded through segmental duplication events. Furthermore, cis-element analyses demonstrated that C. camphora TIDS (CcTIDS) genes can respond to multiple abiotic stresses. Finally, functional characterization of eight putative short-chain TIDS proteins revealed that CcTIDS3 and CcTIDS9 exhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) activity, while CcTIDS1 and CcTIDS2 encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS). Although, CcTIDS8 and CcTIDS10 were found to be catalytically inactive alone, they were able to bind to each other to form a heterodimeric functional geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) in vitro, and this interaction was confirmed using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the CcTIDS3, CcTIDS8, CcTIDS9, and CcTIDS10 genes were found to be more active in C. camphora roots as compared to stems and leaves, which were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These novel results provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of the TIDS gene family in camphor trees, and also provide a potential mechanism by which the production of camphor tree essential oil could be increased for pharmacological purposes through metabolic engineering.

已知反式异戊烯二磷酸合酶 (TIDS) 基因是萜烯多样性和萜类化合物积累的重要决定因素。的精油香樟富含单萜、倍半萜等芳香族化合物，具有广泛的药理活性，因此引起了人们的广泛关注。然而潮汐 基因家族，及其与樟树的关系（香樟L. Presl.)，尚未表征。在这项研究中，我们确定了 10潮汐 基因组中的基因 香樟冰片化学型在染色体上分布不均。Synteny 分析表明，潮汐该物种中的基因家族可能通过节段复制事件扩大。此外，顺式元素分析表明香樟TIDS (CcTIDS) 基因可以响应多种非生物胁迫。最后，八种假定的短链 TIDS 蛋白的功能表征表明 CcTIDS3 和 CcTIDS9 表现出二磷酸法呢酯合酶 (FPPS) 活性，而 CcTIDS1 和 CcTIDS2 编码香叶基二磷酸合酶 (GGPPS)。尽管发现 CcTIDS8 和 CcTIDS10 单独没有催化活性，但它们能够相互结合形成异二聚体功能性香叶基二磷酸合酶 (GPPS)体外，并且使用酵母双杂交试验证实了这种相互作用。此外，转录组分析表明，CcTIDS3, CcTIDS8, CcTIDS9， 和 CcTIDS10 发现基因更活跃 香樟根与茎和叶相比，通过定量实时 PCR (qRT-PCR) 验证。这些新的结果为进一步探索其作用奠定了基础。潮汐 樟树中的基因家族，也提供了一种潜在的机制，通过代谢工程可以增加樟树精油的产量用于药理学目的。