Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that act as messengers to facilitate communication between cells. Non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs are delivered by the exosomes to target molecules (such as proteins, mRNAs, or DNA) of host cells, thereby playing a key role in the maintenance of normal brain function. However, exosomes are also involved in the occurrence, prognosis, and clinical treatment of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we have summarized novel findings that elucidate the role of exosomes in the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment of brain diseases.

外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一个子集，充当信使以促进细胞之间的通讯。非编码 RNA、蛋白质、脂质和微小 RNA 由外泌体递送至宿主细胞的靶分子（如蛋白质、mRNA 或 DNA），从而在维持正常大脑功能中发挥关键作用。然而，外泌体也参与了阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、中风、创伤性脑损伤等脑部疾病的发生、预后和临床治疗。在这篇综述中，我们总结了阐明外泌体在脑疾病发生、预后和治疗中的作用的新发现。