Biomass polyphenols are bio-active macromolecules with distinct chemical structures in a variety of biomass. In recent years, the study of biomass polyphenols and their application in food and medicine fields has become a research hotspot, which predominantly focuses on the preparation, purification, structural identifications, and measurements of biological activities. Many studies describe methodologies for extraction and application of polyphenols, but comprehensive work to review its physiological activities like drugs and health products are lacking. This paper comprehensively unlocks the bioactivities of antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, neuroprotection, control of blood sugar, regulation of blood fat, and promotion of gastrointestinal health functions of polyphenols from different biomass sources. This review will serve as an illuminating resource for the global scientific community, especially for those who are actively working to promote the advances of the polyphenols research field.

生物质多酚是在各种生物质中具有独特化学结构的生物活性大分子。近年来，生物质多酚的研究及其在食品和医药领域的应用成为研究热点，主要集中在制备、纯化、结构鉴定和生物活性测定等方面。许多研究描述了多酚的提取和应用方法，但缺乏对其生理活动（如药物和保健品）的综合研究。本文全面揭示了不同生物质来源的多酚在抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗癌、神经保护、控制血糖、调节血脂、促进胃肠健康等方面的生物活性。