Smoking is considered a key risk factor for implant survival; however, how it interacts with the pathogens in peri-implant infections is not clear. Here, we identified that nicotine, the key component of cigarette smoking, can interact with Staphylococcus aureus and synergistically induce peri-implant infections in a rat osteolysis model. The nicotine–S. aureus combination group increased the gross bone pathology, osteolysis, periosteal reactions, and bone resorption compared to the nicotine or S. aureus single treated group (p < 0.05). Nicotine did not promote the proliferation of S. aureus both in vitro and in vivo, but it can significantly upregulate the expression of staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key virulence factor of S. aureus. The nicotine–S. aureus combination also synergistically activated the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, p < 0.05) to promote the development of peri-implant infections. The synergistic effects between nicotine and S. aureus infection can be a new target to reduce the peri-implant infections.

吸烟被认为是种植体存活的关键风险因素；然而，它如何与种植体周围感染中的病原体相互作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现尼古丁是吸烟的关键成分，可以与金黄色葡萄球菌并在大鼠骨溶解模型中协同诱导种植体周围感染。尼古丁——金黄色葡萄球菌 与尼古丁或 金黄色葡萄球菌 单处理组（磷< 0.05)。尼古丁不促进扩散金黄色葡萄球菌 两个都 体外 和 体内，但它可以显着上调葡萄球菌蛋白 A (SpA) 的表达，这是一种关键毒力因子 金黄色葡萄球菌. 尼古丁——金黄色葡萄球菌 组合还协同激活 RANKL（核因子-κB 配体的受体激活剂， 磷< 0.05) 以促进种植体周围感染的发展。尼古丁与烟碱的协同作用金黄色葡萄球菌 感染可以成为减少种植体周围感染的新目标。