This paper is focused on the formability of wire-arc additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel sheets with the purpose of analysing the feasibility of including this material in hybrid additive manufacturing chains involving sheet metal forming operations. Conventional tensile tests performed in specimens obtained from different orientations to the building direction were carried out to characterise the mechanical properties, the strain loading paths and the limiting strains at fracture. Microstructure observations combined with fractography analysis add insight to the results by establishing a link between the forming limits by fracture and the crack opening mechanisms. Results obtained for wrought commercial AISI 316L stainless steel sheets are included for comparison purposes and reveal that the additively manufactured sheets have a much stronger anisotropic behaviour and poorer formability due to their dendritic-based microstructure. Still, the forming limits obtained from the experiments allow concluding that the additively manufactured sheets can withstand large plastic deformations and, therefore, can be used in hybrid additive manufacturing routes.

本文侧重于线弧增材制造 AISI 316L 不锈钢板的可成形性，目的是分析将这种材料包含在涉及金属板成形操作的混合增材制造链中的可行性。对从不同方向获得的试样进行常规拉伸试验，以表征其力学性能、应变加载路径和断裂时的极限应变。微观结构观察与断口分析相结合，通过在断裂形成限制和裂纹张开机制之间建立联系，增加了对结果的洞察力。为比较目的，包括对锻造商用 AISI 316L 不锈钢板获得的结果，并表明增材制造的板具有更强的各向异性行为和较差的可成形性，因为它们是基于枝晶的微观结构。尽管如此，从实验中获得的成形限制可以得出结论，增材制造的板材可以承受较大的塑性变形，因此可以用于混合增材制造路线。