In order to increase the penetration of renewable energy in process industries, it is imperative to construct energy storage systems with multiple energy carriers to match the intermittent power supply and fluctuating product demand with the minimal impacts on the industrial systems. In this work, we proposed a mathematical programing model to investigate effects of stable flowrates of energy carriers on the design and operation of a cooperated energy storage system for matching the intermittent renewable energy supply with the fluctuating demands of hydrogen and oxygen in a refinery. The time series aggregation method integrating typical days and their chronological order were employed to reduce the computational loads. In a case study, the typical fluctuating demands of hydrogen and oxygen in a refinery were adopted. The effects of four strategies, i.e., energy storage, electricity abandonment, grid connection, and products sale, on the total costs of the system were analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and stable flowrates restrictions were discussed in-depth to determine the optimal configuration of the system. The results show that the optimal configuration of the system can be determined by either the hydrogen demand or the oxygen demand in the refinery. The cost and configuration of the system are dramatically dependent upon the stable flowrates restrictions on the utility system, products sale, and the grid connection. There exists a critical utilization efficiency of renewable energy to minimize the total cost of the system. When the stable flowrate restrictions are imposed on the system, the total cost of the system increases by 70–80%. These results provide an insight into the optimal design and operation of the cooperated energy storage system with multiple energy carriers.

为了提高可再生能源在过程工业中的渗透率，必须构建多能源载体的储能系统，以匹配间歇性供电和波动的产品需求，同时对工业系统的影响最小。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个数学编程模型来研究能量载体的稳定流量对协作储能系统的设计和运行的影响，以匹配间歇性可再生能源供应与炼油厂氢气和氧气的波动需求。采用整合典型天数及其时间顺序的时间序列聚合方法来减少计算量。在一个案例研究中，采用了炼油厂氢气和氧气的典型波动需求。IE、储能、弃电、并网、产品销售，对系统的总成本进行了分析和讨论。此外，深入讨论了可再生能源利用效率和稳定流量限制的影响，以确定系统的最佳配置。结果表明，系统的最佳配置可以由炼油厂的氢气需求量或氧气需求量决定。系统的成本和配置很大程度上取决于对公用事业系统、产品销售和电网连接的稳定流量限制。存在可再生能源的临界利用效率以最小化系统的总成本。当对系统施加稳定的流量限制时，系统的总成本增加了 70-80%。这些结果提供了对具有多个能量载体的协作储能系统的优化设计和运行的洞察。