Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: Isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits,Molecular Ecology

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Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: Isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.16169
Kyle E Jaynes _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Edward A Myers ₂ , Václav Gvoždík _{5,

6} , David C Blackburn ₇ , Daniel M Portik ₈ , Eli Greenbaum ₉ , Gregory F M Jongsma _{7,

10} , Mark-Oliver Rödel ₁₁ , Gabriel Badjedjea ₁₂ , Abraham Bamba-Kaya ₁₃ , Ninda L Baptista _{14,

15,

16} , Jeannot B Akuboy ₁₇ , Raffael Ernst ₁₈ , Marcel T Kouete _{7,

19} , Chifundera Kusamba ₂₀ , Franck M Masudi ₁₇ , Patrick J McLaughlin _{21,

22} , Lotanna M Nneji ₂₃ , Abiodun B Onadeko ₂₄ , Johannes Penner _{11,

25} , Pedro Vaz Pinto _{14,

26} , Bryan L Stuart ₂₇ , Elie Tobi ₂₈ , Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou ₂₉ , Adam D Leaché ₃₀ , Matthew K Fujita ₃₁ , Rayna C Bell _{2,

8}

Affiliation

Department of Biology, Adrian College, Michigan, USA.
Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Herpetology Department, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.
Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Aquatiques, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo.
Institute de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières, Libreville, Gabon.
CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.
Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla (ISCED-Huíla), Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola.
Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Terrestres, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo, Kisangani.
Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Florida, USA.
Laboratoire d'Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, République Démocratique du Congo, Lwiro.
Bioko Biodiversity Protection Project, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola.
Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina, USA.
Gabon Biodiversity Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon.
Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Brazzaville, République du Congo.
Department of Biology & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.

Secondary sympatry amongst sister lineages is strongly associated with genetic and ecological divergence. This pattern suggests that for closely related species to coexist in secondary sympatry, they must accumulate differences in traits that mediate ecological and/or reproductive isolation. Here, we characterized inter- and intraspecific divergence in three giant tree frog species whose distributions stretch across West and Central Africa. Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data, we demonstrated that species-level divergence coincides temporally and geographically with a period of large-scale forest fragmentation during the late Pliocene. Our environmental niche models further supported a dynamic history of climatic suitability and stability, and indicated that all three species occupy distinct environmental niches. We found modest morphological differentiation amongst the species with significant divergence in tympanum diameter and male advertisement call. In addition, we confirmed that two species occur in secondary sympatry in Central Africa but found no evidence of hybridization. These patterns support the hypothesis that cycles of genetic exchange and isolation across West and Central Africa have contributed to globally significant biodiversity. Furthermore, divergence in both ecology and reproductive traits appear to have played important roles in maintaining distinct lineages. At the intraspecific level, we found that climatic refugia, precipitation gradients, marine incursions, and potentially riverine barriers generated phylogeographic structure throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Further studies examining phenotypic divergence and secondary contact amongst these geographically structured populations may demonstrate how smaller scale and more recent biogeographic barriers contribute to regional diversification.

更新日期：2021-09-13

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