Agriculture is the basic necessity all over the world which provides food for the existence of humans. India is expected to be home to 1.6 billion people by 2050, and India has to double the food production from the current level of 260 MT to feed the entire population. Providing food for growing population is becoming tedious and the deficiency of fertile lands makes it more difficult to increase the production beyond a certain limit. Under such scenario, maximizing the production per unit area using precision technologies in agriculture will help to achieve the same. Smart technologies are getting attention in every domain by the inclusion of advanced technologies like Big data analytics, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) etc. This article reviews the current literature published in the stream controlled environment agriculture like soil less hydroponics, aquaponics, nutrient film technique and aeroponics for the period of 1999–2020. In this article, different types of soilless agriculture, their advantages over traditional soil methods, different types of sensors employed in agriculture, implementation of recent precision technologies in soilless agriculture are discussed. The review suggests that "smart farming" is an emerging trend in the area of agriculture, which makes, every individual to practice farming and grow vegetables and fruits on their own in their house without soil. However, future research ideas should focus on areas of "real time monitoring of nutrition solution management and pest management" for the plants growing in controlled environment to maximize the production are also discussed.

农业是全世界人类赖以生存的基本必需品。到 2050 年，印度预计将拥有 16 亿人口，印度必须将粮食产量从目前的 260 吨增加一倍，才能养活全部人口。为不断增长的人口提供食物变得单调乏味，而肥沃的土地的缺乏使得增加产量超过一定限度变得更加困难。在这种情况下，利用农业中的精准技术最大限度地提高单位面积的产量将有助于实现这一目标。通过包含大数据分析、机器人、人工智能 (AI)、物联网 (IoT) 等先进技术，智能技术在各个领域都受到关注。本文回顾了 1999-2020 年期间在无土水培、鱼菜共生、营养膜技术和气培等流控环境农业领域发表的文献。在这篇文章中，讨论了不同类型的无土农业、它们相对于传统土壤方法的优势、农业中使用的不同类型的传感器、无土农业中最新精密技术的实施。审查表明，“智能农业”是农业领域的新兴趋势，它使每个人都可以在自己的房子里无土地实践农业和种植蔬菜和水果。然而，未来的研究思路应该集中在“营养液管理和病虫害管理的实时监测”领域。