Several studies in European and North American agroecosystems conclude that organic farming benefits birds compared to conventional farming. Nevertheless, there are some biases toward these geographic regions and farm size. Argentinian agroecosystems are particularly homogeneous with large arable fields and sparse uncultivated field margins (i.e. large-scale homogenous cropping systems). In Argentina only 0.55% of the total farmland is under organic farming. Thus, our aims were to assess differences in bird occupancy between organic versus conventional farming regimes, and whether bird occupancy varied in relation to annual crop proportion in both farming regimes in central Argentina agroecosystems. We surveyed 156 points in farms under conventional and 154 in organic farming regimes during two bird-breeding seasons. We used multi-species occupancy models with a Bayesian approach to estimate bird occupancy. We observed that the type of farming regime (organic in relation to conventional) had a weak effect on avian occupancy, varying by species and groups. Probability of occupancy was higher for a few insectivorous and omnivorous species but lower for carnivores in organic farms in relation to conventional ones. The proportion of annual crops was positively correlated with occupancy of an insectivore aerial forager, some insectivore foliage gleaners, a granivore, and some omnivorous species in organic farms, but not conventional farms. This work contributes to reducing geographic and small-scale heterogeneous cropping system biases in the avian agroecological literature. Our results, together with future studies needed to assess landscape configuration and composition, and resource availability for birds in each farming regime, will allow the evaluation of organic farming as a tool for the conservation of bird species in large-scale homogeneous cropping systems in temperate regions.

欧洲和北美农业生态系统的多项研究得出结论，与传统农业相比，有机农业对鸟类有益。然而，对这些地理区域和农场规模存在一些偏见。阿根廷的农业生态系统特别均匀，有大片可耕地和稀疏的未开垦的田地边缘（即大规模的同质种植系统）。在阿根廷，有机耕地只有 0.55%。因此，我们的目标是评估有机耕作与传统耕作制度之间鸟类占有率的差异，以及在阿根廷中部农业生态系统的两种耕作制度中，鸟类占有率是否因年作物比例而异。我们在两个鸟类繁殖季节调查了传统农场的 156 个点和有机农业制度下的 154 个点。我们使用多物种占用模型和贝叶斯方法来估计鸟类的占用率。我们观察到耕作制度的类型（有机相对于传统）对鸟类的占有率影响很小，因物种和群体而异。与传统农场相比，有机农场中少数食虫和杂食性物种的入住概率较高，但食肉动物的入住概率较低。一年生作物的比例与有机农场中食虫动物空中觅食者、一些食虫性树叶采集者、食谷动物和一些杂食性物种的占有率呈正相关，但与传统农场的占有率无关。这项工作有助于减少鸟类农业生态文献中的地理和小规模异质种植系统偏差。我们的结果，