The concept of a novel living encapsulated self-forming dynamic bio-membranes (ESFDM) for an innovative wastewater treatment in membrane bioreactor (MBR) is presented in the current study. The active filtering membrane is encapsulated, and thus stabilized, between two support meshes with pore in micrometer size. The combination of activated sludge, the ESFDM and the cake layer formed external to the filtering module contributed to the treatment of municipal wastewater. COD concentration reductions (average value of 95.55 ± 1.44%) by ESFDM bioreactor (ESFDMBR) were comparable to those obtained with a previously reported membrane bioreactor (MBR), where a conventional membrane was studied under the same operating conditions. The ESFDMBR, compared to the conventional MBR, obtained higher reductions of NH₃-N, NO₃^–N and PO₄^3–P concentrations. Increased removals of nitrogen-containing nutrients were ascribed to anoxic conditions reached in the ESFDM layer protected from the aeration by the external cake layer. Rate of increase of transmembrane pressure (TMP) per day in the ESFDMBR (0.03 kPa/day) was lower than the value obtained in the previously reported conventional MBR (8.08 kPa/day). Lower concentrations of fouling precursors in combination with the effective filtration capacity of the porous living ESFDM resulted in the reduction of the fouling rate. Analysis of microbiological community revealed that the microbial community structures in the mixed liquor and ESFDM were different. The ESFDM layer promoted growth of bacteria as indicated by the higher total cell count and higher microbial diversity compared to those observed in the mixed liquor.

本研究提出了一种新型活体封装自形成动态生物膜 (ESFDM) 的概念，用于膜生物反应器 (MBR) 中的创新废水处理。活性过滤膜被封装在两个微米级孔径的支撑网之间，从而稳定下来。活性污泥、ESFDM 和过滤模块外部形成的滤饼层的组合有助于处理城市污水。ESFDM 生物反应器 (ESFDMBR) 的 COD 浓度降低（平均值为 95.55 ± 1.44%）与之前报道的膜生物反应器 (MBR) 获得的结果相当，其中在相同的操作条件下研究了传统膜。与传统 MBR 相比，ESFDMBR 获得了更高的 NH ₃ -N、NO还原₃ ^– N 和 PO ₄ ^3–P 浓度。含氮养分去除的增加归因于 ESFDM 层中达到的缺氧条件，防止外部滤饼层曝气。ESFDMBR 中每天跨膜压 (TMP) 的增加率 (0.03 kPa/天) 低于先前报道的常规 MBR (8.08 kPa/天) 中获得的值。较低浓度的污垢前体与多孔活性 ESFDM 的有效过滤能力相结合，导致污垢率降低。微生物群落分析表明，混合液和ESFDM中微生物群落结构不同。与在混合液中观察到的相比，ESFDM 层促进了细菌的生长，这由更高的总细胞数和更高的微生物多样性表明。