Molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs), produced by the combination of membrane separation technology (MST) and molecular imprinting technologies (MIT), can perform molecular memory and recognition functions on template molecules, and then achieve selective recognition, separation, and detection. They have been studied for over 60 years and a large amount of research has emerged, but they remain a major research focus due to their compatibility with emerging technologies. Recently, MIMs have been widely used in sensor development, chiral separation, solid phase extraction, sewage treatment, food science, biomacromolecules synthesis, drug delivery, monomer component separation from herbal compounds, and more. Furthermore, some researchers have combined MIMs with other devices to give full play to its advantages, such as GC-MS, HPLC-MS, MS, stirring bar, and even smartphone. This review aims to summarize the composition, synthesis, characterization, performance, and mass transfer mechanisms of MIMs, and to discuss their application in various fields. Finally, the current technical issues and emerging trends of MIMs use in traditional Chinese Medicine are briefly evaluated.

分子印迹膜（MIMs）是由膜分离技术（MST）和分子印迹技术（MIT）相结合产生的，可以对模板分子进行分子记忆和识别功能，进而实现选择性识别、分离和检测。它们已经被研究了 60 多年，已经出现了大量的研究，但由于它们与新兴技术的兼容性，它们仍然是一个主要的研究重点。最近，MIM 已广泛应用于传感器开发、手性分离、固相萃取、污水处理、食品科学、生物大分子合成、药物输送、从草药化合物中分离单体成分等。此外，一些研究人员将 MIM 与其他设备结合以充分发挥其优势，如 GC-MS、HPLC-MS、MS、搅拌棒，甚至智能手机。本综述旨在总结 MIM 的组成、合成、表征、性能和传质机制，并讨论它们在各个领域的应用。最后，简要评估了 MIM 在中药中使用的当前技术问题和新兴趋势。