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Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies
Life Sciences ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119948
Sepideh Mirzaei 1 , Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh 2 , Farid Hashemi 3 , Amirhossein Zabolian 4 , Mehrdad Hashemi 2 , Maliheh Entezari 2 , Teimour Tabari 5 , Milad Ashrafizadeh 6 , Pourya Raee 7 , Shahin Aghamiri 8 , Amir Reza Aref 9 , Hin Chong Leong 10 , Alan Prem Kumar 10 , Saeed Samarghandian 11 , Ali Zarrabi 12 , Kiavash Hushmandi 13
Affiliation  

The clinical management of bladder cancer (BC) has become an increasing challenge due to high incidence rate of BC, malignant behavior of cancer cells and drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs are considered as key factors involved in BC progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules and do not encode proteins. They have more than 200 nucleotides in length and affect gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional phases. The lncRNAs demonstrate abnormal expression in BC cells and tissues. The present aims to identifying lncRNAs with tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting roles, and evaluating their roles as regulatory of growth and migration. Apoptosis, glycolysis and EMT are tightly regulated by lncRNAs in BC. Response of BC cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin and gemcitabine chemotherapy is modulated by lncRNAs. LncRNAs regulate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and affect response of BC cells to immunotherapy. Besides, lncRNAs are able to regulate microRNAs, STAT3, Wnt, PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathways in affecting both proliferation and migration of BC cells. Noteworthy, anti-tumor compounds and genetic tools such as siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas systems can regulate lncRNA expression in BC. Finally, lncRNAs and exosomal lncRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in BC.

中文翻译:


长链非编码 RNA 作为膀胱癌的新参与者:临床前和临床研究的经验教训



由于膀胱癌(BC)的高发病率、癌细胞的恶性行为和耐药性,膀胱癌(BC)的临床治疗已成为越来越大的挑战。非编码RNA被认为是BC进展的关键因素。长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 是 RNA 分子,不编码蛋白质。它们的长度超过 200 个核苷酸,影响表观遗传、转录和转录后阶段的基因表达。 lncRNA 在 BC 细胞和组织中表现出异常表达。目前的目的是鉴定具有肿瘤抑制和肿瘤促进作用的lncRNA,并评估它们在生长和迁移方面的调节作用。 BC 中的细胞凋亡、糖酵解和 EMT 受到 lncRNA 的严格调控。 BC 细胞对顺铂、阿霉素和吉西他滨化疗的反应由 lncRNA 调节。 LncRNA 调节肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞浸润并影响 BC 细胞对免疫治疗的反应。此外,lncRNA能够调节microRNA、STAT3、Wnt、PTEN和PI3K/Akt通路,影响BC细胞的增殖和迁移。值得注意的是,抗肿瘤化合物和遗传工具(例如 siRNA、shRNA 和 CRISPR/Cas 系统)可以调节 BC 中的 lncRNA 表达。最后,lncRNA 和外泌体 lncRNA 可以被视为 BC 的潜在诊断和预后工具。
更新日期:2021-09-11
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