In their comprehensive review of sex differences in the brain, Eliot et al. (2021) conclude that (1) men and women significantly differ in global brain size, but this “mostly parallels the divergence of male/female body size during development” and that (2) “once we account for individual differences in brain size, there is almost no difference in the volume of specific cortical or subcortical structures between men and women”. In sum, almost all brain differences would directly or indirectly follow from differences in body size. In a recent study that does not have the same limitations as most studies reviewed by Eliot et al., we find that sex differences in total brain volume are not accounted for by sex differences in height and weight, and that once global brain size is taken into account, there remain numerous regional sex differences in both directions (Williams et al., 2021).

在他们对大脑性别差异的全面审查中，艾略特等人。（2021 年）得出结论：（1）男性和女性在全球大脑大小上存在显着差异，但这“主要与发育过程中男性/女性体型的差异相似”，并且（2）“一旦我们考虑到大脑大小的个体差异，男性和女性之间特定的皮质或皮质下结构的体积几乎没有差异”。总之，几乎所有的大脑差异都直接或间接地源于体型的差异。在最近的一项研究中，与 Eliot 等人回顾的大多数研究没有相同的局限性，我们发现总脑容量的性别差异并不能由身高和体重的性别差异来解释，而且一旦考虑了全球大脑大小考虑到，