Conductive hydrogels are promising in the flexible wearable electronic applications due to their unique feature of intrinsic stretchability, reversible flexibility, and high electrical conductivity. However, severely poor adaptability under cold or hot environmental conditions along with inferior adhesiveness to various substrates greatly hinders the potential applications in such emerging field. Herein, we describe a mechanically flexible and electrically conductive nanocomposite hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid/chitosan covalent-network reinforced by Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets within water-glycerol binary solvent via a simple one-pot free radical polymerization. Notably, incorporation of a low content (0.1–0.3 wt%) of MXene promotes the rapid gelation of the polymer molecules in only 10 min. The optimized hydrogel containing 0.2 wt% MXene not only possesses excellent mechanical performance (e.g., tensile elongation of ~1000%) and improved electrical conductivity (~1.34 S/m), but also shows stable temperature tolerance from − 20 to 80 °C and self-adhesion with various substrates (e.g., steel, glass, rubber, plastics and skin) as well as a rapid self-healable feature (~1.3 s). Further, such hybrid MXene hydrogel exhibits dual sensations under different strain (1–600%) and stress (80–3200 Pa) ranges, good applicability for various deformation conditions (tension/bend/compression), and wide temperature adoptability with stable repeatability. Clearly, this versatile MXene nanocomposite hydrogel developed may provide a new route for the rational design and development of advanced skin-like sensor for complex environmental application.

导电水凝胶由于其固有的可拉伸性、可逆柔韧性和高导电性的独特特性，在柔性可穿戴电子应用中很有前景。然而，在冷热环境条件下的适应性严重差，对各种基材的粘附性较差，极大地阻碍了在此类新兴领域的潜在应用。在此，我们描述了一种由聚丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸/壳聚糖共价网络组成的机械柔性和导电纳米复合水凝胶，由 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x增强通过简单的一锅自由基聚合在水-甘油二元溶剂中制备 MXene 纳米片。值得注意的是，低含量（0.1-0.3 wt%）的 MXene 的掺入仅在 10 分钟内促进了聚合物分子的快速凝胶化。含有 0.2 wt% MXene 的优化水凝胶不仅具有优异的机械性能（例如~1000% 的拉伸伸长率）和改进的电导率（~1.34 S/m），而且在 - 20 至 80 °C 和与各种基材（例如，钢、玻璃、橡胶、塑料和皮肤）的自粘合以及快速自愈功能（~1.3 秒）。此外，这种混合 MXene 水凝胶在不同应变（1-600%）和应力（80-3200 Pa）范围内表现出双重感觉，对各种变形条件（拉伸/弯曲/压缩）具有良好的适用性，温度适应范围广，重复性稳定。显然，开发的这种多功能 MXene 纳米复合水凝胶可能为合理设计和开发用于复杂环境应用的先进类皮肤传感器提供新途径。