Elegant protein assembly to generate new biomaterials undergoes extremely rapid development for wide extension of biotechnology applications, which can be a powerful tool not only for creating nanomaterials but also for advancing understanding of the structure of life. Unique biological properties of proteins bestow these artificial biomaterials diverse functions that can permit them to be applied in encapsulation, bioimaging, biocatalysis, biosensors, photosynthetic apparatus, electron transport, magnetogenetic applications, vaccine development and antibodies design. This review gives a perspective view of the latest advances in the construction of protein-based nanomaterials. We initially start with distinguishable, specific interactions to construct sundry nanomaterials through protein self-assembly and concisely expound the assembly mechanism from the design strategy. And then, the design and construction of 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D protein assembled nanomaterials are especially highlighted. Furthermore, the potential applications have been discussed in detail. Overall, this review will illustrate how to fabricate highly sophisticated nanomaterials oriented toward applications in biotechnology based on the rules of supramolecular chemistry.

用于产生新生物材料的优雅蛋白质组装经历了极其快速的发展，以促进生物技术应用的广泛扩展，这不仅可以成为创造纳米材料而且可以促进对生命结构的理解的有力工具。蛋白质的独特生物学特性赋予这些人造生物材料多种功能，使其能够应用于封装、生物成像、生物催化、生物传感器、光合装置、电子传输、磁遗传应用、疫苗开发和抗体设计。这篇综述对构建基于蛋白质的纳米材料的最新进展进行了透视。我们最初从可区分的开始，通过蛋白质自组装构建各种纳米材料的特定相互作用，并从设计策略简明阐述了组装机制。然后，特别突出了0D、1D、2D、3D蛋白质组装纳米材料的设计和构建。此外，还详细讨论了潜在的应用。总的来说，这篇综述将说明如何根据超分子化学规则制造面向生物技术应用的高度复杂的纳米材料。