Glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness and impairment of vision worldwide, after refractive errors and cataracts. According to the survey, the number of people with glaucoma is more than 76 million, with projections increasing to 112 million by 2040. With the coming of an aging society, the number of people suffering from glaucoma will increase day by day. Glaucoma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by damage to the head of the optic nerve and visual field. High intraocular pressure is a major risk and cause of glaucoma optic neuropathy. Therefore, drug lowering intraocular pressure therapy is still the first-line therapy in clinical practice. Here, the targets, structure-activity relationship, and clinical progress of drugs for the treatment of glaucoma are reviewed.

青光眼是继屈光不正和白内障之后的全球第三大失明和视力障碍原因。据调查，青光眼患者人数超过7600万，预计到2040年将增至1.12亿人。随着老龄化社会的到来，青光眼患者人数将日益增加。青光眼是一种异质性疾病，其特征是视神经头部和视野受损。高眼压是青光眼视神经病变的主要风险和原因。因此，药物降眼压治疗仍是临床上的一线治疗。本文就青光眼治疗药物的靶点、构效关系及临床进展进行综述。