In 2018, Spain was the third largest producer and the leading exporter of wine in the world. Viticulture is an important economic activity in the Castilla y León region, and is an element capable of halting the flight from the countryside and favouring demographic settlement in rural areas. A new integrated methodology for characterizing and delimitating areas suitable for vineyard cultivation is proposed here. The approach combines traditional climate indices with others used in bioclimatology and with soil variables, and applies various statistical analyses to select the predictors that best characterize the vineyards. These predictors are then integrated in species distribution models and a geographic information system. The methodology was tested in the Denomination of Origin León (hereafter DO León) in northwest Spain. Ten single models using the maximum entropy modelling algorithm were run for each of the six wine-grape varieties. Single-model projections built as a consensus of the ten models into an ensemble-forecasting approach were later used to generate maps of suitable areas for each variety.

The results confirm the delimitation of the DO León as a Denomination of Origin. The bioclimatic variables Compensated Thermicity Index and Continentality Index and the soil variables pH, Clay Content, Soil Retention Capacity and Soil Saturation Humidity are defining for all the varieties studied. Garnacha and Mencía were the most different varieties in relation to their bioclimatic and soil requirements. Suitability maps revealed that the DO could be extended into neighbouring areas up to 30 km around it.

The proposed methodology is a useful tool for agronomic and oenological management; it allows a more effective selection of sites for new vineyards, improves vineyard management, and can even be used to protect territories with a historical and cultural heritage of grape cultivation, thus favouring demographic settlement in rural areas and avoiding depopulation.

2018年，西班牙是世界第三大葡萄酒生产国和主要出口国。葡萄栽培是卡斯蒂利亚莱昂地区的一项重要经济活动，是阻止逃离农村并有利于农村地区人口定居的要素。这里提出了一种新的综合方法来表征和划定适合葡萄园种植的区域。该方法将传统气候指数与生物气候学和土壤变量中使用的其他指数相结合，并应用各种统计分析来选择最能表征葡萄园的预测因子。然后将这些预测因子整合到物种分布模型和地理信息系统中。该方法在西班牙西北部的莱昂原产地命名（以下简称 DO León）进行了测试。六个葡萄酒葡萄品种中的每一个都运行了十个使用最大熵建模算法的单一模型。作为 10 个模型的共识而建立的单一模型投影到集合预测方法中，后来被用于为每个品种生成合适区域的地图。

结果证实了 DO León 作为原产地名称的划定。生物气候变量补偿热度指数和大陆性指数以及土壤变量 pH 值、粘土含量、土壤保持能力和土壤饱和湿度是对所有研究品种的定义。Garnacha 和 Mencía 是就其生物气候和土壤要求而言最不同的品种。适宜性地图显示，DO 可以扩展到其周围最多 30 公里的邻近区域。

提议的方法是农艺和酿酒管理的有用工具；它可以更有效地选择新葡萄园的地点，改善葡萄园管理，甚至可以用来保护具有葡萄种植历史和文化遗产的地区，从而有利于农村地区的人口定居并避免人口减少。