Soybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.] maturity determines the growing region of a given soybean variety and is a primary factor in yield and other agronomic traits. The objectives of this research were to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with maturity groups (MGs) and determine the genetic control of soybean maturity in each MG. Using data from 16,879 soybean accessions, genome-wide association (GWA) analyses were conducted for each paired MG and across MGs 000 through IX. Genome-wide association analyses were also performed using 184 genotypes (MGs V–IX) with days to flowering (DTF) and maturity (DTM) collected in the field. A total of 58 QTL were identified to be significantly associated with MGs in individual GWAs, which included 12 reported maturity loci and two stem termination genes. Genome-wide associations across MGs 000–IX detected a total of 103 QTL and confirmed 54 QTL identified in the individual GWAs. Of significant loci identified, qMG-5.2 had effects on the highest number (9) of MGs, followed by E2, E3, Dt2, qMG-15.5, E1, qMG-13.1, qMG-7.1, and qMG-16.1, which affected five to seven MGs. A high number of genetic loci (8–25) that affected MGs 0–V were observed. Stem termination genes Dt1 and Dt2 mainly had significant allele variation in MGs II–V. Genome-wide associations for DTF, DTM, and reproductive period (RP) in the diversity panel confirmed 15 QTL, of which seven were observed in MGs V–IX. The results generated can help soybean breeders manipulate the maturity loci for genetic improvement of soybean yield.

中文翻译：

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大豆成熟组 000 至 IX 之间的遗传控制和等位基因变异


大豆 [ Glycinemax (L.) Merr.] 成熟度决定了特定大豆品种的生长区域，并且是产量和其他农艺性状的主要因素。本研究的目的是确定与成熟组 (MG) 相关的数量性状基因座 (QTL)，并确定每个 MG 中大豆成熟度的遗传控制。使用 16,879 个大豆种质的数据，对每对 MG 以及 MG 000 至 IX 进行全基因组关联 (GWA) 分析。还使用田间收集的 184 个基因型 (MG V–IX) 以及开花天数 (DTF) 和成熟天数 (DTM) 进行全基因组关联分析。在各个 GWA 中，总共鉴定出 58 个与 MG 显着相关的 QTL，其中包括 12 个报告的成熟位点和两个茎终止基因。 MG 000-IX 的全基因组关联检测到总共 103 个 QTL，并确认了在各个 GWA 中发现的 54 个 QTL。在已识别的显着位点中， qMG -5.2 对 MG 的数量最多 (9) 个有影响，其次是E2 、 E3 、 Dt2 、 qMG -15.5 、 E1 、 qMG-13.1 、 qMG-7.1和qMG-16.1 ，影响了 5 个到七名MG。观察到大量影响 MG 0-V 的遗传位点 (8-25)。茎终止基因Dt1和Dt2在MGs II-V中主要具有显着的等位基因变异。多样性组中 DTF、DTM 和繁殖期 (RP) 的全基因组关联证实了 15 个 QTL，其中 7 个在 MG V–IX 中观察到。产生的结果可以帮助大豆育种者操纵成熟位点以遗传改良大豆产量。