Orange-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] (OFSP) breeding populations have gained importance for food security and health reasons. This study's main objectives were to determine genetic diversity in parental material of two OFSP populations developed in Peru (Jewel [PJ] and Zapallo [PZ]) relative to mega-clones (MCs) using agronomic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and to determine whether PJ and PZ are mutually heterotic by developing a PJ × PZ hybrid population (H₀). Field trials were performed with clones for PJ (n = 49), PZ (n = 31), MC (n = 21), and H₀ (n = 6,898) in Peru. Traits recorded were storage root yield (RYTHA), number of commercial roots per plant, foliage yield, biomass, harvest index, and dry matter (RDM), β-carotene (RBC), protein, starch, sucrose, iron, zinc, and calcium content of storage roots. Sixty-six pairs of SSR primers were used to determine molecular diversity. Statistics used were linear mixed models, principal component analysis, and standard procedures for molecular data. New genetic variation was found in PJ and PZ (e.g., RDM ≥29% with RBC ≥25 mg 100 g⁻¹ dry weight basis). For most traits, genetic variance in PJ and PZ was as large as in MC. The SSR marker data clearly separated PJ and PZ into two gene-pools, together covering nearly the entire MC molecular diversity. Average RYTHA in H₀ was high (40.7 t ha⁻¹) with average heterosis increment of 21.8% and range −30.6 to 139.4%. The PJ and PZ lend themselves to study of the efficiency of reciprocal recurrent selection in sweetpotato population hybrid breeding.

中文翻译：

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两个具有群体杂交育种潜力的南美橙肉甘薯育种群体的农艺性状和SSR标记确定的遗传多样性

橙肉甘薯 [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] (OFSP) 繁殖种群由于粮食安全和健康原因而变得越来越重要。本研究的主要目的是使用农艺性状和简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记确定秘鲁开发的两个 OFSP 种群（Jewel [PJ] 和 Zapallo [PZ]）相对于巨型克隆 (MCs) 的亲本材料的遗传多样性，以及通过开发 PJ × PZ 杂种种群 (H ₀ )来确定 PJ 和 PZ 是否互为杂种优势。对 PJ ( n  = 49)、PZ ( n  = 31)、MC ( n  = 21) 和 H ₀ ( n = 6,898) 在秘鲁。记录的性状包括贮藏根产量 (RYTHA)、每株植物的商业根数、叶片产量、生物量、收获指数和干物质 (RDM)、β-胡萝卜素 (RBC)、蛋白质、淀粉、蔗糖、铁、锌和贮藏根的钙含量。66 对 SSR 引物用于确定分子多样性。使用的统计数据是线性混合模型、主成分分析和分子数据的标准程序。在 PJ 和 PZ 中发现了新的遗传变异（例如，RDM ≥29%，RBC ≥25 mg 100 g ^-1干重）。对于大多数性状，PJ 和 PZ 中的遗传变异与 MC 中一样大。SSR 标记数据清楚地将 PJ 和 PZ 分成两个基因库，共同覆盖几乎整个 MC 分子多样性。_{H 0}的平均 RYTHA很高（40.7 吨公顷^-1 ) 平均杂种优势增量为 21.8%，范围为 -30.6 至 139.4%。PJ 和 PZ 有助于研究甘薯种群杂交育种中相互轮回选择的效率。