The micro-vibration of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes has been shown to mitigate fouling. To improve the desired piezoelectric properties, piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into PVDF membranes fabricated by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). Due to the high surface energy of BaTiO₃ NPs, the nanoparticles tended to agglomerate and were not dispersed uniformly. The silane coupling agent (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) with the BaTiO₃ NPs showed enhanced compatibility and dispersion in the PVDF membrane. The resulting BaTiO₃-PVDF membranes had similar finger-like pore structure as neat PVDF membrane. The dielectric strength, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of BaTiO₃-PVDF membranes were enhanced. A linear correlation (R² = 0.9391) between piezoelectric $d_{33}$ coefficient and critical flux was observed for poled BaTiO₃-PVDF membranes under the influence of electrical AC signal (10 Vpp, 500 Hz) when colloidal silica was used as model foulant. The optimal BaTiO₃-PVDF membrane (0.1 wt% BaTiO₃, poled and AC applied) showed up to 51% increase in critical flux compared to the neat PVDF membrane (unpoled and no AC applied). Further, extended durations of multiple filtration cycles by up to a factor of 2 to 4 were observed. The membrane operation could be prolonged due to significant reduction in irreversible fouling.

压电聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 膜的微振动已被证明可以减轻污垢。为了改善所需的压电性能，将压电钛酸钡 (BaTiO ₃ ) 纳米粒子 (NP) 结合到通过非溶剂诱导相分离 (NIPS) 制造的 PVDF 膜中。由于 BaTiO ₃ NPs的高表面能，纳米颗粒倾向于团聚并且分散不均匀。硅烷偶联剂（3-氨基丙基）三乙氧基硅烷 (APTES) 与 BaTiO ₃ NPs 在 PVDF 膜中表现出增强的相容性和分散性。所得 BaTiO ₃-PVDF 膜具有与纯 PVDF 膜相似的指状孔结构。BaTiO ₃ -PVDF膜的介电强度、压电和机械性能得到增强。 压电陶瓷之间的线性相关性 (R ² = 0.9391)$d_{33}$当胶体二氧化硅用作模型污垢时，在交流电信号（10 Vpp，500 Hz）的影响下，极化 BaTiO ₃ -PVDF 膜的系数和临界通量被观察到。与纯 PVDF 膜（未极化且未施加 AC）相比，最佳 BaTiO ₃ -PVDF 膜（0.1 wt% BaTiO ₃，极化并施加 AC）的临界通量增加了 51%。此外，观察到多个过滤循环的持续时间延长了 2 到 4 倍。由于不可逆污染的显着减少，膜操作可以延长。